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The Effects of Leptin Replacement on Neural Plasticity

Leptin, an adipokine synthesized and secreted mainly by the adipose tissue, has multiple effects on the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure, and metabolism. Its recently-approved analogue, metreleptin, has been evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of patients with leptin deficien...

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Autor principal: Paz-Filho, Gilberto J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4735938/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26881138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8528934
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author Paz-Filho, Gilberto J.
author_facet Paz-Filho, Gilberto J.
author_sort Paz-Filho, Gilberto J.
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description Leptin, an adipokine synthesized and secreted mainly by the adipose tissue, has multiple effects on the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure, and metabolism. Its recently-approved analogue, metreleptin, has been evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of patients with leptin deficiency due to mutations in the leptin gene, lipodystrophy syndromes, and hypothalamic amenorrhea. In such patients, leptin replacement therapy has led to changes in brain structure and function in intra- and extrahypothalamic areas, including the hippocampus. Furthermore, in one of those patients, improvements in neurocognitive development have been observed. In addition to this evidence linking leptin to neural plasticity and function, observational studies evaluating leptin-sufficient humans have also demonstrated direct correlation between blood leptin levels and brain volume and inverse associations between circulating leptin and risk for the development of dementia. This review summarizes the evidence in the literature on the role of leptin in neural plasticity (in leptin-deficient and in leptin-sufficient individuals) and its effects on synaptic activity, glutamate receptor trafficking, neuronal morphology, neuronal development and survival, and microglial function.
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spelling pubmed-47359382016-02-15 The Effects of Leptin Replacement on Neural Plasticity Paz-Filho, Gilberto J. Neural Plast Review Article Leptin, an adipokine synthesized and secreted mainly by the adipose tissue, has multiple effects on the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure, and metabolism. Its recently-approved analogue, metreleptin, has been evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of patients with leptin deficiency due to mutations in the leptin gene, lipodystrophy syndromes, and hypothalamic amenorrhea. In such patients, leptin replacement therapy has led to changes in brain structure and function in intra- and extrahypothalamic areas, including the hippocampus. Furthermore, in one of those patients, improvements in neurocognitive development have been observed. In addition to this evidence linking leptin to neural plasticity and function, observational studies evaluating leptin-sufficient humans have also demonstrated direct correlation between blood leptin levels and brain volume and inverse associations between circulating leptin and risk for the development of dementia. This review summarizes the evidence in the literature on the role of leptin in neural plasticity (in leptin-deficient and in leptin-sufficient individuals) and its effects on synaptic activity, glutamate receptor trafficking, neuronal morphology, neuronal development and survival, and microglial function. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 2016-01-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4735938/ /pubmed/26881138 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8528934 Text en Copyright © 2016 Gilberto J. Paz-Filho. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Paz-Filho, Gilberto J.
The Effects of Leptin Replacement on Neural Plasticity
title The Effects of Leptin Replacement on Neural Plasticity
title_full The Effects of Leptin Replacement on Neural Plasticity
title_fullStr The Effects of Leptin Replacement on Neural Plasticity
title_full_unstemmed The Effects of Leptin Replacement on Neural Plasticity
title_short The Effects of Leptin Replacement on Neural Plasticity
title_sort effects of leptin replacement on neural plasticity
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4735938/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26881138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8528934
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