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The Effects of Leptin Replacement on Neural Plasticity
Leptin, an adipokine synthesized and secreted mainly by the adipose tissue, has multiple effects on the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure, and metabolism. Its recently-approved analogue, metreleptin, has been evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of patients with leptin deficien...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2016
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4735938/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26881138 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8528934 |
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author | Paz-Filho, Gilberto J. |
author_facet | Paz-Filho, Gilberto J. |
author_sort | Paz-Filho, Gilberto J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Leptin, an adipokine synthesized and secreted mainly by the adipose tissue, has multiple effects on the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure, and metabolism. Its recently-approved analogue, metreleptin, has been evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of patients with leptin deficiency due to mutations in the leptin gene, lipodystrophy syndromes, and hypothalamic amenorrhea. In such patients, leptin replacement therapy has led to changes in brain structure and function in intra- and extrahypothalamic areas, including the hippocampus. Furthermore, in one of those patients, improvements in neurocognitive development have been observed. In addition to this evidence linking leptin to neural plasticity and function, observational studies evaluating leptin-sufficient humans have also demonstrated direct correlation between blood leptin levels and brain volume and inverse associations between circulating leptin and risk for the development of dementia. This review summarizes the evidence in the literature on the role of leptin in neural plasticity (in leptin-deficient and in leptin-sufficient individuals) and its effects on synaptic activity, glutamate receptor trafficking, neuronal morphology, neuronal development and survival, and microglial function. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4735938 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47359382016-02-15 The Effects of Leptin Replacement on Neural Plasticity Paz-Filho, Gilberto J. Neural Plast Review Article Leptin, an adipokine synthesized and secreted mainly by the adipose tissue, has multiple effects on the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure, and metabolism. Its recently-approved analogue, metreleptin, has been evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of patients with leptin deficiency due to mutations in the leptin gene, lipodystrophy syndromes, and hypothalamic amenorrhea. In such patients, leptin replacement therapy has led to changes in brain structure and function in intra- and extrahypothalamic areas, including the hippocampus. Furthermore, in one of those patients, improvements in neurocognitive development have been observed. In addition to this evidence linking leptin to neural plasticity and function, observational studies evaluating leptin-sufficient humans have also demonstrated direct correlation between blood leptin levels and brain volume and inverse associations between circulating leptin and risk for the development of dementia. This review summarizes the evidence in the literature on the role of leptin in neural plasticity (in leptin-deficient and in leptin-sufficient individuals) and its effects on synaptic activity, glutamate receptor trafficking, neuronal morphology, neuronal development and survival, and microglial function. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 2016-01-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4735938/ /pubmed/26881138 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8528934 Text en Copyright © 2016 Gilberto J. Paz-Filho. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Paz-Filho, Gilberto J. The Effects of Leptin Replacement on Neural Plasticity |
title | The Effects of Leptin Replacement on Neural Plasticity |
title_full | The Effects of Leptin Replacement on Neural Plasticity |
title_fullStr | The Effects of Leptin Replacement on Neural Plasticity |
title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Leptin Replacement on Neural Plasticity |
title_short | The Effects of Leptin Replacement on Neural Plasticity |
title_sort | effects of leptin replacement on neural plasticity |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4735938/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26881138 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8528934 |
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