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Incretin-Based Therapy for Prevention of Diabetic Vascular Complications
Diabetic vascular complications are the most common cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with numbers of affected individuals steadily increasing. Diabetic vascular complications can be divided into two categories: macrovascular andmicrovascular complications. Macrovascular complications incl...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2016
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4735992/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26881236 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1379274 |
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author | Mima, Akira |
author_facet | Mima, Akira |
author_sort | Mima, Akira |
collection | PubMed |
description | Diabetic vascular complications are the most common cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with numbers of affected individuals steadily increasing. Diabetic vascular complications can be divided into two categories: macrovascular andmicrovascular complications. Macrovascular complications include coronary artery diseaseand cerebrovascular disease, while microvascular complications include retinopathy and chronic kidney disease. These complications result from metabolic abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, elevated levels of free fatty acids, and insulin resistance. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to mediate the adverse effects of these metabolic disorders on vascular tissues, including stimulation of protein kinase C signaling and activation of the polyol pathway by oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, the loss of tissue-specific insulin signaling induced by hyperglycemia and toxic metabolites can induce cellular dysfunction and both macro- and microvascular complications characteristic of diabetes. Despite these insights, few therapeutic methods are available for the management of diabetic complications. Recently, incretin-based therapeutic agents, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, have been reported to elicit vasotropic actions, suggesting a potential for effecting an actual reduction in diabetic vascular complications. The present review will summarize the relationship between multiple adverse biological mechanisms in diabetes and putative incretin-based therapeutic interventions intended to prevent diabetic vascular complications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4735992 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47359922016-02-15 Incretin-Based Therapy for Prevention of Diabetic Vascular Complications Mima, Akira J Diabetes Res Review Article Diabetic vascular complications are the most common cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with numbers of affected individuals steadily increasing. Diabetic vascular complications can be divided into two categories: macrovascular andmicrovascular complications. Macrovascular complications include coronary artery diseaseand cerebrovascular disease, while microvascular complications include retinopathy and chronic kidney disease. These complications result from metabolic abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, elevated levels of free fatty acids, and insulin resistance. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to mediate the adverse effects of these metabolic disorders on vascular tissues, including stimulation of protein kinase C signaling and activation of the polyol pathway by oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, the loss of tissue-specific insulin signaling induced by hyperglycemia and toxic metabolites can induce cellular dysfunction and both macro- and microvascular complications characteristic of diabetes. Despite these insights, few therapeutic methods are available for the management of diabetic complications. Recently, incretin-based therapeutic agents, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, have been reported to elicit vasotropic actions, suggesting a potential for effecting an actual reduction in diabetic vascular complications. The present review will summarize the relationship between multiple adverse biological mechanisms in diabetes and putative incretin-based therapeutic interventions intended to prevent diabetic vascular complications. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 2015-12-31 /pmc/articles/PMC4735992/ /pubmed/26881236 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1379274 Text en Copyright © 2016 Akira Mima. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Mima, Akira Incretin-Based Therapy for Prevention of Diabetic Vascular Complications |
title | Incretin-Based Therapy for Prevention of Diabetic Vascular Complications |
title_full | Incretin-Based Therapy for Prevention of Diabetic Vascular Complications |
title_fullStr | Incretin-Based Therapy for Prevention of Diabetic Vascular Complications |
title_full_unstemmed | Incretin-Based Therapy for Prevention of Diabetic Vascular Complications |
title_short | Incretin-Based Therapy for Prevention of Diabetic Vascular Complications |
title_sort | incretin-based therapy for prevention of diabetic vascular complications |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4735992/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26881236 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1379274 |
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