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Antisense down-regulation of the strawberry β-galactosidase gene FaβGal4 increases cell wall galactose levels and reduces fruit softening
Strawberry softening is characterized by an increase in the solubilization and depolymerization of pectins from cell walls. Galactose release from pectin side chains by β-galactosidase enzymes has been proposed as one reason for the increase in soluble pectins. A putative β-galactosidase gene, FaβGa...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737064/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26585222 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv462 |
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author | Paniagua, Candelas Blanco-Portales, Rosario Barceló-Muñoz, Marta García-Gago, Juan A. Waldron, Keith W. Quesada, Miguel A. Muñoz-Blanco, Juan Mercado, José A. |
author_facet | Paniagua, Candelas Blanco-Portales, Rosario Barceló-Muñoz, Marta García-Gago, Juan A. Waldron, Keith W. Quesada, Miguel A. Muñoz-Blanco, Juan Mercado, José A. |
author_sort | Paniagua, Candelas |
collection | PubMed |
description | Strawberry softening is characterized by an increase in the solubilization and depolymerization of pectins from cell walls. Galactose release from pectin side chains by β-galactosidase enzymes has been proposed as one reason for the increase in soluble pectins. A putative β-galactosidase gene, FaβGal4, has been identified using a custom-made oligonucleotide-based strawberry microarray platform. FaβGal4 was expressed mainly in the receptacle during fruit ripening, and was positively regulated by abscisic acid and negatively regulated by auxins. To ascertain the role of FaβGal4 in strawberry softening, transgenic plants containing an antisense sequence of this gene under the control of the CaMV35S promoter were generated. Phenotypic analyses were carried out in transgenic plants during three consecutive growing seasons, using non-transformed plants as control. Two out of nine independent transgenic lines yielded fruits that were 30% firmer than control at the ripe stage. FaβGal4 mRNA levels were reduced by 70% in ripe fruits from these selected transgenic lines, but they also showed significant silencing of FaβGal1, although the genes did not share significant similarity. These two transgenic lines also showed an increase in pectin covalently bound to the cell wall, extracted using Na(2)CO(3). The amount of galactose in cell walls from transgenic fruits was 30% higher than in control; notably, the galactose increase was larger in the 1 M KOH fraction, which is enriched in hemicellulose. These results suggest that FaβGal4 participates in the solubilization of covalently bound pectins during ripening, reducing strawberry fruit firmness. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4737064 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47370642016-02-03 Antisense down-regulation of the strawberry β-galactosidase gene FaβGal4 increases cell wall galactose levels and reduces fruit softening Paniagua, Candelas Blanco-Portales, Rosario Barceló-Muñoz, Marta García-Gago, Juan A. Waldron, Keith W. Quesada, Miguel A. Muñoz-Blanco, Juan Mercado, José A. J Exp Bot Research Paper Strawberry softening is characterized by an increase in the solubilization and depolymerization of pectins from cell walls. Galactose release from pectin side chains by β-galactosidase enzymes has been proposed as one reason for the increase in soluble pectins. A putative β-galactosidase gene, FaβGal4, has been identified using a custom-made oligonucleotide-based strawberry microarray platform. FaβGal4 was expressed mainly in the receptacle during fruit ripening, and was positively regulated by abscisic acid and negatively regulated by auxins. To ascertain the role of FaβGal4 in strawberry softening, transgenic plants containing an antisense sequence of this gene under the control of the CaMV35S promoter were generated. Phenotypic analyses were carried out in transgenic plants during three consecutive growing seasons, using non-transformed plants as control. Two out of nine independent transgenic lines yielded fruits that were 30% firmer than control at the ripe stage. FaβGal4 mRNA levels were reduced by 70% in ripe fruits from these selected transgenic lines, but they also showed significant silencing of FaβGal1, although the genes did not share significant similarity. These two transgenic lines also showed an increase in pectin covalently bound to the cell wall, extracted using Na(2)CO(3). The amount of galactose in cell walls from transgenic fruits was 30% higher than in control; notably, the galactose increase was larger in the 1 M KOH fraction, which is enriched in hemicellulose. These results suggest that FaβGal4 participates in the solubilization of covalently bound pectins during ripening, reducing strawberry fruit firmness. Oxford University Press 2016-02 2015-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC4737064/ /pubmed/26585222 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv462 Text en © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Paper Paniagua, Candelas Blanco-Portales, Rosario Barceló-Muñoz, Marta García-Gago, Juan A. Waldron, Keith W. Quesada, Miguel A. Muñoz-Blanco, Juan Mercado, José A. Antisense down-regulation of the strawberry β-galactosidase gene FaβGal4 increases cell wall galactose levels and reduces fruit softening |
title | Antisense down-regulation of the strawberry β-galactosidase gene FaβGal4 increases cell wall galactose levels and reduces fruit softening |
title_full | Antisense down-regulation of the strawberry β-galactosidase gene FaβGal4 increases cell wall galactose levels and reduces fruit softening |
title_fullStr | Antisense down-regulation of the strawberry β-galactosidase gene FaβGal4 increases cell wall galactose levels and reduces fruit softening |
title_full_unstemmed | Antisense down-regulation of the strawberry β-galactosidase gene FaβGal4 increases cell wall galactose levels and reduces fruit softening |
title_short | Antisense down-regulation of the strawberry β-galactosidase gene FaβGal4 increases cell wall galactose levels and reduces fruit softening |
title_sort | antisense down-regulation of the strawberry β-galactosidase gene faβgal4 increases cell wall galactose levels and reduces fruit softening |
topic | Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737064/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26585222 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv462 |
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