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Adenine methylation in eukaryotes: Apprehending the complex evolutionary history and functional potential of an epigenetic modification

While N(6)‐methyladenosine (m(6)A) is a well‐known epigenetic modification in bacterial DNA, it remained largely unstudied in eukaryotes. Recent studies have brought to fore its potential epigenetic role across diverse eukaryotes with biological consequences, which are distinct and possibly even opp...

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Autores principales: Iyer, Lakshminarayan M., Zhang, Dapeng, Aravind, L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4738411/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26660621
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.201500104
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author Iyer, Lakshminarayan M.
Zhang, Dapeng
Aravind, L.
author_facet Iyer, Lakshminarayan M.
Zhang, Dapeng
Aravind, L.
author_sort Iyer, Lakshminarayan M.
collection PubMed
description While N(6)‐methyladenosine (m(6)A) is a well‐known epigenetic modification in bacterial DNA, it remained largely unstudied in eukaryotes. Recent studies have brought to fore its potential epigenetic role across diverse eukaryotes with biological consequences, which are distinct and possibly even opposite to the well‐studied 5‐methylcytosine mark. Adenine methyltransferases appear to have been independently acquired by eukaryotes on at least 13 occasions from prokaryotic restriction‐modification and counter‐restriction systems. On at least four to five instances, these methyltransferases were recruited as RNA methylases. Thus, m(6)A marks in eukaryotic DNA and RNA might be more widespread and diversified than previously believed. Several m(6)A‐binding protein domains from prokaryotes were also acquired by eukaryotes, facilitating prediction of potential readers for these marks. Further, multiple lineages of the AlkB family of dioxygenases have been recruited as m(6)A demethylases. Although members of the TET/JBP family of dioxygenases have also been suggested to be m(6)A demethylases, this proposal needs more careful evaluation. Also watch the Video Abstract.
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spelling pubmed-47384112016-02-12 Adenine methylation in eukaryotes: Apprehending the complex evolutionary history and functional potential of an epigenetic modification Iyer, Lakshminarayan M. Zhang, Dapeng Aravind, L. Bioessays Prospects & Overviews While N(6)‐methyladenosine (m(6)A) is a well‐known epigenetic modification in bacterial DNA, it remained largely unstudied in eukaryotes. Recent studies have brought to fore its potential epigenetic role across diverse eukaryotes with biological consequences, which are distinct and possibly even opposite to the well‐studied 5‐methylcytosine mark. Adenine methyltransferases appear to have been independently acquired by eukaryotes on at least 13 occasions from prokaryotic restriction‐modification and counter‐restriction systems. On at least four to five instances, these methyltransferases were recruited as RNA methylases. Thus, m(6)A marks in eukaryotic DNA and RNA might be more widespread and diversified than previously believed. Several m(6)A‐binding protein domains from prokaryotes were also acquired by eukaryotes, facilitating prediction of potential readers for these marks. Further, multiple lineages of the AlkB family of dioxygenases have been recruited as m(6)A demethylases. Although members of the TET/JBP family of dioxygenases have also been suggested to be m(6)A demethylases, this proposal needs more careful evaluation. Also watch the Video Abstract. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2015-12-12 2016-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4738411/ /pubmed/26660621 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.201500104 Text en Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Bioessays published by WILEY Periodicals, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Prospects & Overviews
Iyer, Lakshminarayan M.
Zhang, Dapeng
Aravind, L.
Adenine methylation in eukaryotes: Apprehending the complex evolutionary history and functional potential of an epigenetic modification
title Adenine methylation in eukaryotes: Apprehending the complex evolutionary history and functional potential of an epigenetic modification
title_full Adenine methylation in eukaryotes: Apprehending the complex evolutionary history and functional potential of an epigenetic modification
title_fullStr Adenine methylation in eukaryotes: Apprehending the complex evolutionary history and functional potential of an epigenetic modification
title_full_unstemmed Adenine methylation in eukaryotes: Apprehending the complex evolutionary history and functional potential of an epigenetic modification
title_short Adenine methylation in eukaryotes: Apprehending the complex evolutionary history and functional potential of an epigenetic modification
title_sort adenine methylation in eukaryotes: apprehending the complex evolutionary history and functional potential of an epigenetic modification
topic Prospects & Overviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4738411/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26660621
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.201500104
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