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Sirtuins Link Inflammation and Metabolism

Sirtuins (SIRT), first discovered in yeast as NAD+ dependent epigenetic and metabolic regulators, have comparable activities in human physiology and disease. Mounting evidence supports that the seven-member mammalian sirtuin family (SIRT1–7) guard homeostasis by sensing bioenergy needs and respondin...

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Autores principales: Vachharajani, Vidula T., Liu, Tiefu, Wang, Xianfeng, Hoth, Jason J., Yoza, Barbara K., McCall, Charles E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4745579/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26904696
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8167273
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author Vachharajani, Vidula T.
Liu, Tiefu
Wang, Xianfeng
Hoth, Jason J.
Yoza, Barbara K.
McCall, Charles E.
author_facet Vachharajani, Vidula T.
Liu, Tiefu
Wang, Xianfeng
Hoth, Jason J.
Yoza, Barbara K.
McCall, Charles E.
author_sort Vachharajani, Vidula T.
collection PubMed
description Sirtuins (SIRT), first discovered in yeast as NAD+ dependent epigenetic and metabolic regulators, have comparable activities in human physiology and disease. Mounting evidence supports that the seven-member mammalian sirtuin family (SIRT1–7) guard homeostasis by sensing bioenergy needs and responding by making alterations in the cell nutrients. Sirtuins play a critical role in restoring homeostasis during stress responses. Inflammation is designed to “defend and mend” against the invading organisms. Emerging evidence supports that metabolism and bioenergy reprogramming direct the sequential course of inflammation; failure of homeostasis retrieval results in many chronic and acute inflammatory diseases. Anabolic glycolysis quickly induced (compared to oxidative phosphorylation) for ROS and ATP generation is needed for immune activation to “defend” against invading microorganisms. Lipolysis/fatty acid oxidation, essential for cellular protection/hibernation and cell survival in order to “mend,” leads to immune repression. Acute/chronic inflammations are linked to altered glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation, at least in part, by NAD+ dependent function of sirtuins. Therapeutically targeting sirtuins may provide a new class of inflammation and immune regulators. This review discusses how sirtuins integrate metabolism, bioenergetics, and immunity during inflammation and how sirtuin-directed treatment improves outcome in chronic inflammatory diseases and in the extreme stress response of sepsis.
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spelling pubmed-47455792016-02-22 Sirtuins Link Inflammation and Metabolism Vachharajani, Vidula T. Liu, Tiefu Wang, Xianfeng Hoth, Jason J. Yoza, Barbara K. McCall, Charles E. J Immunol Res Review Article Sirtuins (SIRT), first discovered in yeast as NAD+ dependent epigenetic and metabolic regulators, have comparable activities in human physiology and disease. Mounting evidence supports that the seven-member mammalian sirtuin family (SIRT1–7) guard homeostasis by sensing bioenergy needs and responding by making alterations in the cell nutrients. Sirtuins play a critical role in restoring homeostasis during stress responses. Inflammation is designed to “defend and mend” against the invading organisms. Emerging evidence supports that metabolism and bioenergy reprogramming direct the sequential course of inflammation; failure of homeostasis retrieval results in many chronic and acute inflammatory diseases. Anabolic glycolysis quickly induced (compared to oxidative phosphorylation) for ROS and ATP generation is needed for immune activation to “defend” against invading microorganisms. Lipolysis/fatty acid oxidation, essential for cellular protection/hibernation and cell survival in order to “mend,” leads to immune repression. Acute/chronic inflammations are linked to altered glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation, at least in part, by NAD+ dependent function of sirtuins. Therapeutically targeting sirtuins may provide a new class of inflammation and immune regulators. This review discusses how sirtuins integrate metabolism, bioenergetics, and immunity during inflammation and how sirtuin-directed treatment improves outcome in chronic inflammatory diseases and in the extreme stress response of sepsis. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 2016-01-20 /pmc/articles/PMC4745579/ /pubmed/26904696 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8167273 Text en Copyright © 2016 Vidula T. Vachharajani et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Vachharajani, Vidula T.
Liu, Tiefu
Wang, Xianfeng
Hoth, Jason J.
Yoza, Barbara K.
McCall, Charles E.
Sirtuins Link Inflammation and Metabolism
title Sirtuins Link Inflammation and Metabolism
title_full Sirtuins Link Inflammation and Metabolism
title_fullStr Sirtuins Link Inflammation and Metabolism
title_full_unstemmed Sirtuins Link Inflammation and Metabolism
title_short Sirtuins Link Inflammation and Metabolism
title_sort sirtuins link inflammation and metabolism
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4745579/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26904696
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8167273
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