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Changes in the gene expression of co-cultured human fibroblast cells and osteosarcoma cells: the role of microenvironment
BACKGROUND: The progression of malignant tumors does not depend exclusively on the autonomous properties of cancer cells; it is also influenced by tumor stroma reactivity and is under strict microenvironmental control. By themselves, stromal cells are not malignant, and they maintain normal tissue s...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Impact Journals LLC
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4745706/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26418748 |
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author | Salvatore, Viviana Focaroli, Stefano Teti, Gabriella Mazzotti, Antonio Falconi, Mirella |
author_facet | Salvatore, Viviana Focaroli, Stefano Teti, Gabriella Mazzotti, Antonio Falconi, Mirella |
author_sort | Salvatore, Viviana |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The progression of malignant tumors does not depend exclusively on the autonomous properties of cancer cells; it is also influenced by tumor stroma reactivity and is under strict microenvironmental control. By themselves, stromal cells are not malignant, and they maintain normal tissue structure and function. However, through intercellular interactions or by paracrine secretions from cancer cells, normal stromal cells acquire abnormal phenotypes that sustain cancer cell growth and tumor progression. In their dysfunctional state, fibroblast and immune cells produce chemokines and growth factors that stimulate cancer cell growth and invasion. In our previous work, we established an in vitro model based on a monolayer co-culture system of healthy human fibroblasts (HFs) and human osteosarcoma cells (the MG-63 cell line) that simulates the microenvironment of tumor cells and healthy cells. The coexistence between MG-63 cells and HFs allowed us to identify the YKL-40 protein as the main marker for verifying the influence of tumor cells grown in contact with healthy cells. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated the interactions of HFs and MG-63 cells in a transwell co-culture system over 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h. We analyzed the contributions of these populations to the tumor microenvironment during cancer progression, as measured by multiple markers. We examined the effect of siRNA knockdown of YKL-40 by tracking the subsequent changes in gene expression within the co-culture. We validated the expression of several genes, focusing on those involved in cancer cell invasion, inflammatory responses, and angiogenesis: TNF alpha, IL-6, MMP-1, MMP-9, and VEGF. We compared the results to those from a transwell co-culture without the YKL-40 knockdown. RESULTS: In a pro-inflammatory environment promoted by TNF alpha and IL-6, siRNA knockdown of YKL-40 caused a down-regulation of VEGF and MMP-1 expression in HFs. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrated that the tumor microenvironment has an influence on the gene expression of healthy surrounding tissues and on the process of tumorigenicity and it is emerging as attractive targets for therapeutic strategies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4745706 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Impact Journals LLC |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47457062016-02-23 Changes in the gene expression of co-cultured human fibroblast cells and osteosarcoma cells: the role of microenvironment Salvatore, Viviana Focaroli, Stefano Teti, Gabriella Mazzotti, Antonio Falconi, Mirella Oncotarget Research Paper BACKGROUND: The progression of malignant tumors does not depend exclusively on the autonomous properties of cancer cells; it is also influenced by tumor stroma reactivity and is under strict microenvironmental control. By themselves, stromal cells are not malignant, and they maintain normal tissue structure and function. However, through intercellular interactions or by paracrine secretions from cancer cells, normal stromal cells acquire abnormal phenotypes that sustain cancer cell growth and tumor progression. In their dysfunctional state, fibroblast and immune cells produce chemokines and growth factors that stimulate cancer cell growth and invasion. In our previous work, we established an in vitro model based on a monolayer co-culture system of healthy human fibroblasts (HFs) and human osteosarcoma cells (the MG-63 cell line) that simulates the microenvironment of tumor cells and healthy cells. The coexistence between MG-63 cells and HFs allowed us to identify the YKL-40 protein as the main marker for verifying the influence of tumor cells grown in contact with healthy cells. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated the interactions of HFs and MG-63 cells in a transwell co-culture system over 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h. We analyzed the contributions of these populations to the tumor microenvironment during cancer progression, as measured by multiple markers. We examined the effect of siRNA knockdown of YKL-40 by tracking the subsequent changes in gene expression within the co-culture. We validated the expression of several genes, focusing on those involved in cancer cell invasion, inflammatory responses, and angiogenesis: TNF alpha, IL-6, MMP-1, MMP-9, and VEGF. We compared the results to those from a transwell co-culture without the YKL-40 knockdown. RESULTS: In a pro-inflammatory environment promoted by TNF alpha and IL-6, siRNA knockdown of YKL-40 caused a down-regulation of VEGF and MMP-1 expression in HFs. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrated that the tumor microenvironment has an influence on the gene expression of healthy surrounding tissues and on the process of tumorigenicity and it is emerging as attractive targets for therapeutic strategies. Impact Journals LLC 2015-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC4745706/ /pubmed/26418748 Text en Copyright: © 2015 Salvatore et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Paper Salvatore, Viviana Focaroli, Stefano Teti, Gabriella Mazzotti, Antonio Falconi, Mirella Changes in the gene expression of co-cultured human fibroblast cells and osteosarcoma cells: the role of microenvironment |
title | Changes in the gene expression of co-cultured human fibroblast cells and osteosarcoma cells: the role of microenvironment |
title_full | Changes in the gene expression of co-cultured human fibroblast cells and osteosarcoma cells: the role of microenvironment |
title_fullStr | Changes in the gene expression of co-cultured human fibroblast cells and osteosarcoma cells: the role of microenvironment |
title_full_unstemmed | Changes in the gene expression of co-cultured human fibroblast cells and osteosarcoma cells: the role of microenvironment |
title_short | Changes in the gene expression of co-cultured human fibroblast cells and osteosarcoma cells: the role of microenvironment |
title_sort | changes in the gene expression of co-cultured human fibroblast cells and osteosarcoma cells: the role of microenvironment |
topic | Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4745706/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26418748 |
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