MicroRNA-1 down-regulates proliferation and migration of breast cancer stem cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway

We investigated the miRNA profiles of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) and non-CSC tumor cells by miRNA microarray and determined the effect of altered miR-1 expression on proliferation and migration of breast CSCs. The potential targets of miR-1 in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling were characterized by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assay. We found that 14 miRNAs were up-regulated and 13 were down-regulated in the ESA(+)CD44(+)CD24(−)lineage(−) CSCs, related to ESA(+)CD44(−)CD24(+)lineage(−) non-CSC tumor cells. The miR-1 expression was associated inversely with aggressiveness of breast cancers. Furthermore, enhanced miR-1 expression decreased the percentages of SKBR3/CSCs and miR-1 inhibition increased the percentages of MCF-7/CSCs. Enhanced miR-1 expression significantly reduced the Frizzled 7 and Tankyrase-2 (TNKS2)-regulated luciferase activity in 293T cells and decreased Frizzled 7, TNKS2, c-Myc, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) and Nanog expression and the ratios of nuclear to cytoplasmic β-catenin as well as β-catenin-dependent luciferase activity in breast CSCs in vitro. miR-1 inhibited proliferation, migration and wound healing of breast CSCs in vitro. Enhanced miR-1 expression inhibited the growth of implanted MCF-7/CSCs while miR-1 inhibition promoted the growth of implanted MCF-7/CSCs in vivo. Our data indicate that miR-1 down-regulates breast CSC stemness, proliferation and migration by targeting the Frizzled 7 and TNKS2 to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling.