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An Update on Oxidative Damage to Spermatozoa and Oocytes
On the one hand, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mandatory mediators for essential cellular functions including the function of germ cells (oocytes and spermatozoa) and thereby the fertilization process. However, the exposure of these cells to excessive levels of oxidative stress by too high level...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4749785/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26942204 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9540142 |
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author | Opuwari, Chinyerum S. Henkel, Ralf R. |
author_facet | Opuwari, Chinyerum S. Henkel, Ralf R. |
author_sort | Opuwari, Chinyerum S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | On the one hand, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mandatory mediators for essential cellular functions including the function of germ cells (oocytes and spermatozoa) and thereby the fertilization process. However, the exposure of these cells to excessive levels of oxidative stress by too high levels of ROS or too low levels of antioxidative protection will render these cells dysfunctional thereby failing the fertilization process and causing couples to be infertile. Numerous causes are responsible for the delicate bodily redox system being out of balance and causing disease and infertility. Many of these causes are modifiable such as lifestyle factors like obesity, poor nutrition, heat stress, smoking, or alcohol abuse. Possible correctable measures include foremost lifestyle changes, but also supplementation with antioxidants to scavenge excessive ROS. However, this should only be done after careful examination of the patient and establishment of the individual bodily antioxidant needs. In addition, other corrective measures include sperm separation for assisted reproductive techniques. However, these techniques have to be carried out very carefully as they, if applied wrongly, bear risks of generating ROS damaging the germ cells and preventing fertilization. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4749785 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47497852016-03-03 An Update on Oxidative Damage to Spermatozoa and Oocytes Opuwari, Chinyerum S. Henkel, Ralf R. Biomed Res Int Review Article On the one hand, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mandatory mediators for essential cellular functions including the function of germ cells (oocytes and spermatozoa) and thereby the fertilization process. However, the exposure of these cells to excessive levels of oxidative stress by too high levels of ROS or too low levels of antioxidative protection will render these cells dysfunctional thereby failing the fertilization process and causing couples to be infertile. Numerous causes are responsible for the delicate bodily redox system being out of balance and causing disease and infertility. Many of these causes are modifiable such as lifestyle factors like obesity, poor nutrition, heat stress, smoking, or alcohol abuse. Possible correctable measures include foremost lifestyle changes, but also supplementation with antioxidants to scavenge excessive ROS. However, this should only be done after careful examination of the patient and establishment of the individual bodily antioxidant needs. In addition, other corrective measures include sperm separation for assisted reproductive techniques. However, these techniques have to be carried out very carefully as they, if applied wrongly, bear risks of generating ROS damaging the germ cells and preventing fertilization. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 2016-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC4749785/ /pubmed/26942204 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9540142 Text en Copyright © 2016 C. S. Opuwari and R. R. Henkel. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Opuwari, Chinyerum S. Henkel, Ralf R. An Update on Oxidative Damage to Spermatozoa and Oocytes |
title | An Update on Oxidative Damage to Spermatozoa and Oocytes |
title_full | An Update on Oxidative Damage to Spermatozoa and Oocytes |
title_fullStr | An Update on Oxidative Damage to Spermatozoa and Oocytes |
title_full_unstemmed | An Update on Oxidative Damage to Spermatozoa and Oocytes |
title_short | An Update on Oxidative Damage to Spermatozoa and Oocytes |
title_sort | update on oxidative damage to spermatozoa and oocytes |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4749785/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26942204 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9540142 |
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