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Suicidality, Economic Shocks, and Egalitarian Gender Norms
Durkheim conceived of suicide as a product of social integration and regulation. Although the sociology of suicide has focused on the role of disintegration, to our knowledge, the interaction between integration and regulation has yet to be empirically evaluated. In this article we test whether more...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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2016
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4750292/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26877572 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcv084 |
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author | Reeves, Aaron Stuckler, David |
author_facet | Reeves, Aaron Stuckler, David |
author_sort | Reeves, Aaron |
collection | PubMed |
description | Durkheim conceived of suicide as a product of social integration and regulation. Although the sociology of suicide has focused on the role of disintegration, to our knowledge, the interaction between integration and regulation has yet to be empirically evaluated. In this article we test whether more egalitarian gender norms, an important form of macro-regulation, protects men and women against suicidality during economic shocks. Using cross-national data covering 20 European Union countries from the years 1991 to 2011, including the recent economic crises in Europe, we first assessed the relation between unemployment and suicide. Then we evaluated potential effect modification using three measures of gender equality, the gender ratio in labour force participation, the gender pay gap, and women’s representation in parliament using multiple measures. We found no evidence of a significant, direct link between greater gender equality and suicide rates in either men or women. However, a greater degree of gender equality helped protect against suicidality associated with economic shocks. At relatively high levels of gender equality in Europe, such as those seen in Sweden and Austria, the relationship between rising unemployment rates and suicide in men disappeared altogether. Our findings suggest that more egalitarian forms of gender regulation may help buffer the suicidal consequences of economic shocks, especially in men. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4750292 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47502922016-02-11 Suicidality, Economic Shocks, and Egalitarian Gender Norms Reeves, Aaron Stuckler, David Eur Sociol Rev Article Durkheim conceived of suicide as a product of social integration and regulation. Although the sociology of suicide has focused on the role of disintegration, to our knowledge, the interaction between integration and regulation has yet to be empirically evaluated. In this article we test whether more egalitarian gender norms, an important form of macro-regulation, protects men and women against suicidality during economic shocks. Using cross-national data covering 20 European Union countries from the years 1991 to 2011, including the recent economic crises in Europe, we first assessed the relation between unemployment and suicide. Then we evaluated potential effect modification using three measures of gender equality, the gender ratio in labour force participation, the gender pay gap, and women’s representation in parliament using multiple measures. We found no evidence of a significant, direct link between greater gender equality and suicide rates in either men or women. However, a greater degree of gender equality helped protect against suicidality associated with economic shocks. At relatively high levels of gender equality in Europe, such as those seen in Sweden and Austria, the relationship between rising unemployment rates and suicide in men disappeared altogether. Our findings suggest that more egalitarian forms of gender regulation may help buffer the suicidal consequences of economic shocks, especially in men. 2016-02-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4750292/ /pubmed/26877572 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcv084 Text en This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Article Reeves, Aaron Stuckler, David Suicidality, Economic Shocks, and Egalitarian Gender Norms |
title | Suicidality, Economic Shocks, and Egalitarian Gender Norms |
title_full | Suicidality, Economic Shocks, and Egalitarian Gender Norms |
title_fullStr | Suicidality, Economic Shocks, and Egalitarian Gender Norms |
title_full_unstemmed | Suicidality, Economic Shocks, and Egalitarian Gender Norms |
title_short | Suicidality, Economic Shocks, and Egalitarian Gender Norms |
title_sort | suicidality, economic shocks, and egalitarian gender norms |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4750292/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26877572 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcv084 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT reevesaaron suicidalityeconomicshocksandegalitariangendernorms AT stucklerdavid suicidalityeconomicshocksandegalitariangendernorms |