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Risk Factors for Enterovirus A71 Seropositivity in Rural Indigenous Populations in West Malaysia

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), which is transmitted by the fecal-oral route, causes hand, foot and mouth disease and, rarely, severe neurological complications. In Malaysia, the indigenous rural community (Orang Asli) has a high prevalence of parasitic diseases due to poor sanitation, water supply and hy...

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Autores principales: NikNadia, NMN, Sam, I-Ching, Khaidir, Nasibah, Ngui, Romano, Lim, Yvonne A. L., Goh, Xiang Ting, Choy, Seow Huey, Chan, Yoke Fun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4750978/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26866912
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148767
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author NikNadia, NMN
Sam, I-Ching
Khaidir, Nasibah
Ngui, Romano
Lim, Yvonne A. L.
Goh, Xiang Ting
Choy, Seow Huey
Chan, Yoke Fun
author_facet NikNadia, NMN
Sam, I-Ching
Khaidir, Nasibah
Ngui, Romano
Lim, Yvonne A. L.
Goh, Xiang Ting
Choy, Seow Huey
Chan, Yoke Fun
author_sort NikNadia, NMN
collection PubMed
description Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), which is transmitted by the fecal-oral route, causes hand, foot and mouth disease and, rarely, severe neurological complications. In Malaysia, the indigenous rural community (Orang Asli) has a high prevalence of parasitic diseases due to poor sanitation, water supply and hygiene practices. This cross-sectional study compared the seroepidemiology of EV-A71 among rural Orang Asli and urban Kuala Lumpur populations in West Malaysia, and determined the risk factors associated with EV-A71 seropositivity in rural Orang Asli. Seropositive rates were determined by neutralization assay. EV-A71 seropositivity was strongly associated with increasing age in both populations. Rural Orang Asli children ≤12 years had significantly higher EV-A71 seropositivity rates than urban Kuala Lumpur children (95.5% vs 57.6%, P < 0.001), and also higher rates in the age groups of 1–3, 4–6 and 7–12 years. Multivariate analysis confirmed that age ≤12 years (adjusted OR 8.1, 95% CI 3.2–20.7, P < 0.001) and using untreated water (adjusted OR 6.2, 95% CI 2.3–16.6, P < 0.001) were independently associated with EV-A71 seropositivity in the Orang Asli population. Supply of clean drinking water may reduce the risk of EV-A71 infection. With significantly higher EV-A71 seropositive rates, younger rural children should be a priority target for future vaccination programs in Malaysia.
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spelling pubmed-47509782016-02-26 Risk Factors for Enterovirus A71 Seropositivity in Rural Indigenous Populations in West Malaysia NikNadia, NMN Sam, I-Ching Khaidir, Nasibah Ngui, Romano Lim, Yvonne A. L. Goh, Xiang Ting Choy, Seow Huey Chan, Yoke Fun PLoS One Research Article Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), which is transmitted by the fecal-oral route, causes hand, foot and mouth disease and, rarely, severe neurological complications. In Malaysia, the indigenous rural community (Orang Asli) has a high prevalence of parasitic diseases due to poor sanitation, water supply and hygiene practices. This cross-sectional study compared the seroepidemiology of EV-A71 among rural Orang Asli and urban Kuala Lumpur populations in West Malaysia, and determined the risk factors associated with EV-A71 seropositivity in rural Orang Asli. Seropositive rates were determined by neutralization assay. EV-A71 seropositivity was strongly associated with increasing age in both populations. Rural Orang Asli children ≤12 years had significantly higher EV-A71 seropositivity rates than urban Kuala Lumpur children (95.5% vs 57.6%, P < 0.001), and also higher rates in the age groups of 1–3, 4–6 and 7–12 years. Multivariate analysis confirmed that age ≤12 years (adjusted OR 8.1, 95% CI 3.2–20.7, P < 0.001) and using untreated water (adjusted OR 6.2, 95% CI 2.3–16.6, P < 0.001) were independently associated with EV-A71 seropositivity in the Orang Asli population. Supply of clean drinking water may reduce the risk of EV-A71 infection. With significantly higher EV-A71 seropositive rates, younger rural children should be a priority target for future vaccination programs in Malaysia. Public Library of Science 2016-02-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4750978/ /pubmed/26866912 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148767 Text en © 2016 NikNadia et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
NikNadia, NMN
Sam, I-Ching
Khaidir, Nasibah
Ngui, Romano
Lim, Yvonne A. L.
Goh, Xiang Ting
Choy, Seow Huey
Chan, Yoke Fun
Risk Factors for Enterovirus A71 Seropositivity in Rural Indigenous Populations in West Malaysia
title Risk Factors for Enterovirus A71 Seropositivity in Rural Indigenous Populations in West Malaysia
title_full Risk Factors for Enterovirus A71 Seropositivity in Rural Indigenous Populations in West Malaysia
title_fullStr Risk Factors for Enterovirus A71 Seropositivity in Rural Indigenous Populations in West Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed Risk Factors for Enterovirus A71 Seropositivity in Rural Indigenous Populations in West Malaysia
title_short Risk Factors for Enterovirus A71 Seropositivity in Rural Indigenous Populations in West Malaysia
title_sort risk factors for enterovirus a71 seropositivity in rural indigenous populations in west malaysia
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4750978/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26866912
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148767
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