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Seasonal variability of faecal indicator bacteria numbers and die-off rates in the Red River basin, North Viet Nam
The Red River is the second largest river in Viet Nam and constitutes the main water source for a large percentage of the population of North Viet Nam. Here we present the results of an annual survey of Escherichia coli (EC) and Total Coliforms (TC) in the Red River basin, North Viet Nam. The object...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4751496/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26869451 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep21644 |
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author | Nguyen, Huong Thi Mai Le, Quynh Thi Phuong Garnier, J. Janeau, J.-L. Rochelle-Newall, E. |
author_facet | Nguyen, Huong Thi Mai Le, Quynh Thi Phuong Garnier, J. Janeau, J.-L. Rochelle-Newall, E. |
author_sort | Nguyen, Huong Thi Mai |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Red River is the second largest river in Viet Nam and constitutes the main water source for a large percentage of the population of North Viet Nam. Here we present the results of an annual survey of Escherichia coli (EC) and Total Coliforms (TC) in the Red River basin, North Viet Nam. The objective of this work was to obtain information on faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) numbers over an annual cycle and, secondly, to determine the die-off rates of these bacterial indicators. Monthly observations at 10 stations from July 2013–June 2014 showed that TC and EC reached as high as 39100 cfu (colony forming units) 100 ml(−1) and 15300 colonies 100 ml(−1), respectively. We observed a significant seasonal difference for TC (p < 0.05) with numbers being higher during the wet season. In contrast, no significant seasonal difference was found for EC. The FIB die-off rates ranged from 0.01 d(−1) to a maximum of 1.13 d(−1) for EC and from 0.17 d(−1) to 1.33 d(−1) for TC. Die-off rates were significantly higher for free bacteria than for total (free + particle attached) bacteria, suggesting that particle attachment provided a certain level of protection to FIB in this system. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4751496 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47514962016-02-22 Seasonal variability of faecal indicator bacteria numbers and die-off rates in the Red River basin, North Viet Nam Nguyen, Huong Thi Mai Le, Quynh Thi Phuong Garnier, J. Janeau, J.-L. Rochelle-Newall, E. Sci Rep Article The Red River is the second largest river in Viet Nam and constitutes the main water source for a large percentage of the population of North Viet Nam. Here we present the results of an annual survey of Escherichia coli (EC) and Total Coliforms (TC) in the Red River basin, North Viet Nam. The objective of this work was to obtain information on faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) numbers over an annual cycle and, secondly, to determine the die-off rates of these bacterial indicators. Monthly observations at 10 stations from July 2013–June 2014 showed that TC and EC reached as high as 39100 cfu (colony forming units) 100 ml(−1) and 15300 colonies 100 ml(−1), respectively. We observed a significant seasonal difference for TC (p < 0.05) with numbers being higher during the wet season. In contrast, no significant seasonal difference was found for EC. The FIB die-off rates ranged from 0.01 d(−1) to a maximum of 1.13 d(−1) for EC and from 0.17 d(−1) to 1.33 d(−1) for TC. Die-off rates were significantly higher for free bacteria than for total (free + particle attached) bacteria, suggesting that particle attachment provided a certain level of protection to FIB in this system. Nature Publishing Group 2016-02-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4751496/ /pubmed/26869451 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep21644 Text en Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Article Nguyen, Huong Thi Mai Le, Quynh Thi Phuong Garnier, J. Janeau, J.-L. Rochelle-Newall, E. Seasonal variability of faecal indicator bacteria numbers and die-off rates in the Red River basin, North Viet Nam |
title | Seasonal variability of faecal indicator bacteria numbers and die-off rates in the Red River basin, North Viet Nam |
title_full | Seasonal variability of faecal indicator bacteria numbers and die-off rates in the Red River basin, North Viet Nam |
title_fullStr | Seasonal variability of faecal indicator bacteria numbers and die-off rates in the Red River basin, North Viet Nam |
title_full_unstemmed | Seasonal variability of faecal indicator bacteria numbers and die-off rates in the Red River basin, North Viet Nam |
title_short | Seasonal variability of faecal indicator bacteria numbers and die-off rates in the Red River basin, North Viet Nam |
title_sort | seasonal variability of faecal indicator bacteria numbers and die-off rates in the red river basin, north viet nam |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4751496/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26869451 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep21644 |
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