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Increment of body mass index is positively correlated with worsening of endothelium-dependent and independent changes in forearm blood flow
Obesity is associated with the impairment of endothelial function leading to the initiation of the atherosclerotic process. As obesity is a multiple grade disease, we have hypothesized that an increasing impairment of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell functions occurs from lean subjects to...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4753558/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26913005 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00223 |
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author | Kraemer-Aguiar, Luiz G. de Miranda, Marcos L. Bottino, Daniel A. Lima, Ronald de A. de Souza, Maria das Graças C. Balarini, Michelle de Moura Villela, Nivaldo R. Bouskela, Eliete |
author_facet | Kraemer-Aguiar, Luiz G. de Miranda, Marcos L. Bottino, Daniel A. Lima, Ronald de A. de Souza, Maria das Graças C. Balarini, Michelle de Moura Villela, Nivaldo R. Bouskela, Eliete |
author_sort | Kraemer-Aguiar, Luiz G. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Obesity is associated with the impairment of endothelial function leading to the initiation of the atherosclerotic process. As obesity is a multiple grade disease, we have hypothesized that an increasing impairment of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell functions occurs from lean subjects to severe obese ones, creating a window of opportunities for preventive measures. Thus, the present study was carried out to investigate the grade of obesity in which endothelial dysfunction can be detected and if there is an increasing impairment of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell functions as body mass index increases. According to body mass index, subjects were allocated into five groups: Lean controls (n = 9); Overweight (n = 11); Obese class I (n = 26); Obese class II (n = 15); Obese class III (n = 19). Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell functions were evaluated measuring forearm blood flow responses to increasing intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside using venous occlusion plethysmography. We observed that forearm blood flow was progressively impaired from lean controls to severe obese and found no significant differences between Lean controls and Overweight groups. Known determinants of endothelial dysfunction, such as inflammatory response, insulin resistance, and diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, did not correlate with forearm blood flow response to vasodilators. Moreover, several risk factors for atherosclerosis were excluded as independent predictors after confounder-adjusted analysis. Our data suggests that obesity per se could be sufficient to promote impairment of vascular reactivity, that obesity class I is the first grade of obesity in which endothelial dysfunction can be detected, and that body mass index positively correlates with the worsening of endothelium-dependent and independent changes in forearm blood flow. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4753558 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47535582016-02-24 Increment of body mass index is positively correlated with worsening of endothelium-dependent and independent changes in forearm blood flow Kraemer-Aguiar, Luiz G. de Miranda, Marcos L. Bottino, Daniel A. Lima, Ronald de A. de Souza, Maria das Graças C. Balarini, Michelle de Moura Villela, Nivaldo R. Bouskela, Eliete Front Physiol Physiology Obesity is associated with the impairment of endothelial function leading to the initiation of the atherosclerotic process. As obesity is a multiple grade disease, we have hypothesized that an increasing impairment of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell functions occurs from lean subjects to severe obese ones, creating a window of opportunities for preventive measures. Thus, the present study was carried out to investigate the grade of obesity in which endothelial dysfunction can be detected and if there is an increasing impairment of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell functions as body mass index increases. According to body mass index, subjects were allocated into five groups: Lean controls (n = 9); Overweight (n = 11); Obese class I (n = 26); Obese class II (n = 15); Obese class III (n = 19). Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell functions were evaluated measuring forearm blood flow responses to increasing intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside using venous occlusion plethysmography. We observed that forearm blood flow was progressively impaired from lean controls to severe obese and found no significant differences between Lean controls and Overweight groups. Known determinants of endothelial dysfunction, such as inflammatory response, insulin resistance, and diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, did not correlate with forearm blood flow response to vasodilators. Moreover, several risk factors for atherosclerosis were excluded as independent predictors after confounder-adjusted analysis. Our data suggests that obesity per se could be sufficient to promote impairment of vascular reactivity, that obesity class I is the first grade of obesity in which endothelial dysfunction can be detected, and that body mass index positively correlates with the worsening of endothelium-dependent and independent changes in forearm blood flow. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4753558/ /pubmed/26913005 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00223 Text en Copyright © 2015 Kraemer-Aguiar, de Miranda, Bottino, Lima, de Souza, Balarini, Villela and Bouskela. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Physiology Kraemer-Aguiar, Luiz G. de Miranda, Marcos L. Bottino, Daniel A. Lima, Ronald de A. de Souza, Maria das Graças C. Balarini, Michelle de Moura Villela, Nivaldo R. Bouskela, Eliete Increment of body mass index is positively correlated with worsening of endothelium-dependent and independent changes in forearm blood flow |
title | Increment of body mass index is positively correlated with worsening of endothelium-dependent and independent changes in forearm blood flow |
title_full | Increment of body mass index is positively correlated with worsening of endothelium-dependent and independent changes in forearm blood flow |
title_fullStr | Increment of body mass index is positively correlated with worsening of endothelium-dependent and independent changes in forearm blood flow |
title_full_unstemmed | Increment of body mass index is positively correlated with worsening of endothelium-dependent and independent changes in forearm blood flow |
title_short | Increment of body mass index is positively correlated with worsening of endothelium-dependent and independent changes in forearm blood flow |
title_sort | increment of body mass index is positively correlated with worsening of endothelium-dependent and independent changes in forearm blood flow |
topic | Physiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4753558/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26913005 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00223 |
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