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Comparative speed of kill of sarolaner (Simparica(™)) and afoxolaner (NexGard(®)) against induced infestations of Ixodes scapularis on dogs

BACKGROUND: The black-legged (or deer) tick, Ixodes scapularis, commonly infests dogs and cats in North America and is the main vector for the pathogen that causes Lyme disease in dogs and humans. The speed of kill of a parasiticide is critical to minimize the direct and deleterious effects of tick...

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Autores principales: Six, Robert H., Young, David R., Myers, Melanie R., Mahabir, Sean P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4753652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26876891
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1307-x
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author Six, Robert H.
Young, David R.
Myers, Melanie R.
Mahabir, Sean P.
author_facet Six, Robert H.
Young, David R.
Myers, Melanie R.
Mahabir, Sean P.
author_sort Six, Robert H.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The black-legged (or deer) tick, Ixodes scapularis, commonly infests dogs and cats in North America and is the main vector for the pathogen that causes Lyme disease in dogs and humans. The speed of kill of a parasiticide is critical to minimize the direct and deleterious effects of tick infestation and especially to reduce the risk of tick-borne pathogen transmission. In this study, speed of kill of a novel orally administered isoxazoline parasiticide, sarolaner chewable tablets (Simparica(™)), against I. scapularis on dogs was evaluated and compared with afoxolaner (NexGard(®)) for five weeks after a single oral dose. METHODS: Twenty four dogs were randomly allocated to treatment with either placebo, sarolaner (2 to 4 mg/kg), or afoxolaner (2.5 to 6.8 mg/kg) based on pretreatment tick counts. Dogs were examined and live ticks counted at 8, 12, and 24 h after treatment and subsequent re-infestations on Days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. Efficacy was determined at each time point relative to counts for placebo dogs. RESULTS: A single oral dose of sarolaner provided >99 % efficacy within 24 h of treatment and >95 % against subsequent weekly re-infestations of ticks consistently to Day 35. For the earlier time points, sarolaner significantly reduced tick counts versus placebo from Day 0 to Day 21 at 8 and 12 h, and on Day 35 at 12 h (P ≤ 0.0174), while afoxolaner was only significantly lower at 8 h on Days 0 and 14 (P ≤ 0.0309), and at 12 h on Day 0 only (P < 0.0001). Significantly more live ticks were recovered from afoxolaner-treated dogs than from sarolaner-treated dogs at 24 h after infestation from Day 14 to Day 35 (P ≤ 0.0278). At 24 h, efficacy (based on geometric mean counts) of afoxolaner declined to less than 80 % from Day 21 through the end of the study, while efficacy for sarolaner was >95 % for 35 days. There were no adverse reactions to treatments. CONCLUSIONS: In this controlled laboratory evaluation, sarolaner had a faster speed of kill against I. scapularis than afoxolaner. This was noticeably more pronounced towards the end of the monthly treatment period. The rapid and consistent kill of ticks provided by sarolaner within 24 h after a single oral dose and re-infestation over 35 days suggests this treatment will provide highly effective and reliable control of ticks over the entire treatment interval, and should reduce the risk of tick-borne diseases, including Lyme disease whose agent is vectored by I. scapularis.
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spelling pubmed-47536522016-02-16 Comparative speed of kill of sarolaner (Simparica(™)) and afoxolaner (NexGard(®)) against induced infestations of Ixodes scapularis on dogs Six, Robert H. Young, David R. Myers, Melanie R. Mahabir, Sean P. Parasit Vectors Research BACKGROUND: The black-legged (or deer) tick, Ixodes scapularis, commonly infests dogs and cats in North America and is the main vector for the pathogen that causes Lyme disease in dogs and humans. The speed of kill of a parasiticide is critical to minimize the direct and deleterious effects of tick infestation and especially to reduce the risk of tick-borne pathogen transmission. In this study, speed of kill of a novel orally administered isoxazoline parasiticide, sarolaner chewable tablets (Simparica(™)), against I. scapularis on dogs was evaluated and compared with afoxolaner (NexGard(®)) for five weeks after a single oral dose. METHODS: Twenty four dogs were randomly allocated to treatment with either placebo, sarolaner (2 to 4 mg/kg), or afoxolaner (2.5 to 6.8 mg/kg) based on pretreatment tick counts. Dogs were examined and live ticks counted at 8, 12, and 24 h after treatment and subsequent re-infestations on Days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. Efficacy was determined at each time point relative to counts for placebo dogs. RESULTS: A single oral dose of sarolaner provided >99 % efficacy within 24 h of treatment and >95 % against subsequent weekly re-infestations of ticks consistently to Day 35. For the earlier time points, sarolaner significantly reduced tick counts versus placebo from Day 0 to Day 21 at 8 and 12 h, and on Day 35 at 12 h (P ≤ 0.0174), while afoxolaner was only significantly lower at 8 h on Days 0 and 14 (P ≤ 0.0309), and at 12 h on Day 0 only (P < 0.0001). Significantly more live ticks were recovered from afoxolaner-treated dogs than from sarolaner-treated dogs at 24 h after infestation from Day 14 to Day 35 (P ≤ 0.0278). At 24 h, efficacy (based on geometric mean counts) of afoxolaner declined to less than 80 % from Day 21 through the end of the study, while efficacy for sarolaner was >95 % for 35 days. There were no adverse reactions to treatments. CONCLUSIONS: In this controlled laboratory evaluation, sarolaner had a faster speed of kill against I. scapularis than afoxolaner. This was noticeably more pronounced towards the end of the monthly treatment period. The rapid and consistent kill of ticks provided by sarolaner within 24 h after a single oral dose and re-infestation over 35 days suggests this treatment will provide highly effective and reliable control of ticks over the entire treatment interval, and should reduce the risk of tick-borne diseases, including Lyme disease whose agent is vectored by I. scapularis. BioMed Central 2016-02-15 /pmc/articles/PMC4753652/ /pubmed/26876891 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1307-x Text en © Six et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Six, Robert H.
Young, David R.
Myers, Melanie R.
Mahabir, Sean P.
Comparative speed of kill of sarolaner (Simparica(™)) and afoxolaner (NexGard(®)) against induced infestations of Ixodes scapularis on dogs
title Comparative speed of kill of sarolaner (Simparica(™)) and afoxolaner (NexGard(®)) against induced infestations of Ixodes scapularis on dogs
title_full Comparative speed of kill of sarolaner (Simparica(™)) and afoxolaner (NexGard(®)) against induced infestations of Ixodes scapularis on dogs
title_fullStr Comparative speed of kill of sarolaner (Simparica(™)) and afoxolaner (NexGard(®)) against induced infestations of Ixodes scapularis on dogs
title_full_unstemmed Comparative speed of kill of sarolaner (Simparica(™)) and afoxolaner (NexGard(®)) against induced infestations of Ixodes scapularis on dogs
title_short Comparative speed of kill of sarolaner (Simparica(™)) and afoxolaner (NexGard(®)) against induced infestations of Ixodes scapularis on dogs
title_sort comparative speed of kill of sarolaner (simparica(™)) and afoxolaner (nexgard(®)) against induced infestations of ixodes scapularis on dogs
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4753652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26876891
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1307-x
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