The optimal sex pheromone release rate for trapping the codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the field

For successful pest management, codlemone (E, E-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol) is widely used to monitor codling moth. The pheromone release rate is essential for the lure’s attractiveness. The optimal sex pheromone release rate (V(0)) for trapping codling moth was evaluated during 2013–2014. The overwinter generation V(0) was 6.7–33.4 μg wk(−1), and moth catches (MCs) were 0.82 ± 0.11 adults/trap/week; MCs for lower (V(1)) and higher (V(2)) release rates were 52.4% and 46.3%, respectively, of that for V(0). The first generation V(0) was 18.4–29.6 μg wk(−1), with MCs of 1.45 ± 0.29 adults/week/trap. V(1) and V(2) MCs were 34.5% and 31.7%, respectively, of those for V(0). Combining across generations, the final V(0) was 18.4–29.6 μg wk(−1), with MCs of 1.07 ± 0.06 adults/week/trap. V(1) and V(2) MCs were 51.4% and 41.1%, respectively, of that for V(0). Overwinter generation emergence was relatively concentrated, requiring a wider V(0). Maintaining the release rate at 18.4–29.6 μg wk(−1) could optimize the lure’s efficacy; this resulted in the capture of nearly 1.9 and 2.4 times more moths than V(1) and V(2), respectively. The results also indicate that a dispenser pheromone release rate of 200–300 times that of the female moth can perfectly outcompetes females in the field.