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Integrative Analysis of the Physical Transport Network into Australia
Effective biosecurity is necessary to protect nations and their citizens from a variety of threats, including emerging infectious diseases, agricultural or environmental pests and pathogens, and illegal wildlife trade. The physical pathways by which these threats are transported internationally, pre...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4755591/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26881782 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148831 |
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author | Cope, Robert C. Ross, Joshua V. Wittmann, Talia A. Prowse, Thomas A. A. Cassey, Phillip |
author_facet | Cope, Robert C. Ross, Joshua V. Wittmann, Talia A. Prowse, Thomas A. A. Cassey, Phillip |
author_sort | Cope, Robert C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Effective biosecurity is necessary to protect nations and their citizens from a variety of threats, including emerging infectious diseases, agricultural or environmental pests and pathogens, and illegal wildlife trade. The physical pathways by which these threats are transported internationally, predominantly shipping and air traffic, have undergone significant growth and changes in spatial distributions in recent decades. An understanding of the specific pathways and donor-traffic hotspots created by this integrated physical transport network is vital for the development of effective biosecurity strategies into the future. In this study, we analysed the physical transport network into Australia over the period 1999–2012. Seaborne and air traffic were weighted to calculate a “weighted cumulative impact” score for each source region worldwide, each year. High risk source regions, and those source regions that underwent substantial changes in risk over the study period, were determined. An overall risk ranking was calculated by integrating across all possible weighting combinations. The source regions having greatest overall physical connectedness with Australia were Singapore, which is a global transport hub, and the North Island of New Zealand, a close regional trading partner with Australia. Both those regions with large amounts of traffic across multiple vectors (e.g., Hong Kong), and those with high levels of traffic of only one type (e.g., Bali, Indonesia with respect to passenger flights), were represented among high risk source regions. These data provide a baseline model for the transport of individuals and commodities against which the effectiveness of biosecurity controls may be assessed, and are a valuable tool in the development of future biosecurity policy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4755591 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47555912016-02-26 Integrative Analysis of the Physical Transport Network into Australia Cope, Robert C. Ross, Joshua V. Wittmann, Talia A. Prowse, Thomas A. A. Cassey, Phillip PLoS One Research Article Effective biosecurity is necessary to protect nations and their citizens from a variety of threats, including emerging infectious diseases, agricultural or environmental pests and pathogens, and illegal wildlife trade. The physical pathways by which these threats are transported internationally, predominantly shipping and air traffic, have undergone significant growth and changes in spatial distributions in recent decades. An understanding of the specific pathways and donor-traffic hotspots created by this integrated physical transport network is vital for the development of effective biosecurity strategies into the future. In this study, we analysed the physical transport network into Australia over the period 1999–2012. Seaborne and air traffic were weighted to calculate a “weighted cumulative impact” score for each source region worldwide, each year. High risk source regions, and those source regions that underwent substantial changes in risk over the study period, were determined. An overall risk ranking was calculated by integrating across all possible weighting combinations. The source regions having greatest overall physical connectedness with Australia were Singapore, which is a global transport hub, and the North Island of New Zealand, a close regional trading partner with Australia. Both those regions with large amounts of traffic across multiple vectors (e.g., Hong Kong), and those with high levels of traffic of only one type (e.g., Bali, Indonesia with respect to passenger flights), were represented among high risk source regions. These data provide a baseline model for the transport of individuals and commodities against which the effectiveness of biosecurity controls may be assessed, and are a valuable tool in the development of future biosecurity policy. Public Library of Science 2016-02-16 /pmc/articles/PMC4755591/ /pubmed/26881782 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148831 Text en © 2016 Cope et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Cope, Robert C. Ross, Joshua V. Wittmann, Talia A. Prowse, Thomas A. A. Cassey, Phillip Integrative Analysis of the Physical Transport Network into Australia |
title | Integrative Analysis of the Physical Transport Network into Australia |
title_full | Integrative Analysis of the Physical Transport Network into Australia |
title_fullStr | Integrative Analysis of the Physical Transport Network into Australia |
title_full_unstemmed | Integrative Analysis of the Physical Transport Network into Australia |
title_short | Integrative Analysis of the Physical Transport Network into Australia |
title_sort | integrative analysis of the physical transport network into australia |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4755591/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26881782 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148831 |
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