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Mitogenomics reveals high synteny and long evolutionary histories of sympatric cryptic nematode species

Species with seemingly identical morphology but with distinct genetic differences are abundant in the marine environment and frequently co‐occur in the same habitat. Such cryptic species are typically delineated using a limited number of mitochondrial and/or nuclear marker genes, which do not yield...

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Autores principales: Grosemans, Tara, Morris, Krystalynne, Thomas, William Kelley, Rigaux, Annelien, Moens, Tom, Derycke, Sofie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4760989/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26933490
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1975
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author Grosemans, Tara
Morris, Krystalynne
Thomas, William Kelley
Rigaux, Annelien
Moens, Tom
Derycke, Sofie
author_facet Grosemans, Tara
Morris, Krystalynne
Thomas, William Kelley
Rigaux, Annelien
Moens, Tom
Derycke, Sofie
author_sort Grosemans, Tara
collection PubMed
description Species with seemingly identical morphology but with distinct genetic differences are abundant in the marine environment and frequently co‐occur in the same habitat. Such cryptic species are typically delineated using a limited number of mitochondrial and/or nuclear marker genes, which do not yield information on gene order and gene content of the genomes under consideration. We used next‐generation sequencing to study the composition of the mitochondrial genomes of four sympatrically distributed cryptic species of the Litoditis marina species complex (PmI, PmII, PmIII, and PmIV). The ecology, biology, and natural occurrence of these four species are well known, but the evolutionary processes behind this cryptic speciation remain largely unknown. The gene order of the mitochondrial genomes of the four species was conserved, but differences in genome length, gene length, and codon usage were observed. The atp8 gene was lacking in all four species. Phylogenetic analyses confirm that PmI and PmIV are sister species and that PmIII diverged earliest. The most recent common ancestor of the four cryptic species was estimated to have diverged 16 MYA. Synonymous mutations outnumbered nonsynonymous changes in all protein‐encoding genes, with the Complex IV genes (coxI‐III) experiencing the strongest purifying selection. Our mitogenomic results show that morphologically similar species can have long evolutionary histories and that PmIII has several differences in genetic makeup compared to the three other species, which may explain why it is better adapted to higher temperatures than the other species.
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spelling pubmed-47609892016-03-01 Mitogenomics reveals high synteny and long evolutionary histories of sympatric cryptic nematode species Grosemans, Tara Morris, Krystalynne Thomas, William Kelley Rigaux, Annelien Moens, Tom Derycke, Sofie Ecol Evol Original Research Species with seemingly identical morphology but with distinct genetic differences are abundant in the marine environment and frequently co‐occur in the same habitat. Such cryptic species are typically delineated using a limited number of mitochondrial and/or nuclear marker genes, which do not yield information on gene order and gene content of the genomes under consideration. We used next‐generation sequencing to study the composition of the mitochondrial genomes of four sympatrically distributed cryptic species of the Litoditis marina species complex (PmI, PmII, PmIII, and PmIV). The ecology, biology, and natural occurrence of these four species are well known, but the evolutionary processes behind this cryptic speciation remain largely unknown. The gene order of the mitochondrial genomes of the four species was conserved, but differences in genome length, gene length, and codon usage were observed. The atp8 gene was lacking in all four species. Phylogenetic analyses confirm that PmI and PmIV are sister species and that PmIII diverged earliest. The most recent common ancestor of the four cryptic species was estimated to have diverged 16 MYA. Synonymous mutations outnumbered nonsynonymous changes in all protein‐encoding genes, with the Complex IV genes (coxI‐III) experiencing the strongest purifying selection. Our mitogenomic results show that morphologically similar species can have long evolutionary histories and that PmIII has several differences in genetic makeup compared to the three other species, which may explain why it is better adapted to higher temperatures than the other species. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016-02-20 /pmc/articles/PMC4760989/ /pubmed/26933490 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1975 Text en © 2016 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Grosemans, Tara
Morris, Krystalynne
Thomas, William Kelley
Rigaux, Annelien
Moens, Tom
Derycke, Sofie
Mitogenomics reveals high synteny and long evolutionary histories of sympatric cryptic nematode species
title Mitogenomics reveals high synteny and long evolutionary histories of sympatric cryptic nematode species
title_full Mitogenomics reveals high synteny and long evolutionary histories of sympatric cryptic nematode species
title_fullStr Mitogenomics reveals high synteny and long evolutionary histories of sympatric cryptic nematode species
title_full_unstemmed Mitogenomics reveals high synteny and long evolutionary histories of sympatric cryptic nematode species
title_short Mitogenomics reveals high synteny and long evolutionary histories of sympatric cryptic nematode species
title_sort mitogenomics reveals high synteny and long evolutionary histories of sympatric cryptic nematode species
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4760989/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26933490
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1975
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