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Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of source–sink dynamics
Many factors affect the presence and exchange of individuals among subpopulations and influence not only the emergence, but the strength of ensuing source–sink dynamics within metapopulations. Yet their relative contributions remain largely unexplored. To help identify the characteristics of empiric...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4761763/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26941935 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2029 |
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author | Heinrichs, Julie A. Lawler, Joshua J. Schumaker, Nathan H. |
author_facet | Heinrichs, Julie A. Lawler, Joshua J. Schumaker, Nathan H. |
author_sort | Heinrichs, Julie A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Many factors affect the presence and exchange of individuals among subpopulations and influence not only the emergence, but the strength of ensuing source–sink dynamics within metapopulations. Yet their relative contributions remain largely unexplored. To help identify the characteristics of empirical systems that are likely to exhibit strong versus weak source–sink dynamics and inform their differential management, we compared the relative roles of influential factors in strengthening source–sink dynamics. In a series of controlled experiments within a spatially explicit individual‐based model framework, we varied patch quality, patch size, the dispersion of high‐ and low‐quality patches, population growth rates, dispersal distances, and environmental stochasticity in a factorial design. We then recorded source–sink dynamics that emerged from the simulated habitat and population factors. Long‐term differences in births and deaths were quantified for sources and sinks in each system and used in a statistical model to rank the influences of key factors. Our results suggest that systems with species capable of rapid growth, occupying habitat patches with more disparate qualities, with interspersed higher‐ and lower‐quality habitats, and that experience relatively stable environments (i.e., fewer negative perturbations) are more likely to exhibit strong source–sink dynamics. Strong source–sink dynamics emerged under diverse combinations of factors, suggesting that simple inferences of process from pattern will likely be inadequate to predict and assess the strength of source–sink dynamics. Our results also suggest that it may be more difficult to detect and accurately measure source–sink dynamics in slow‐growing populations, highly variable environments, and where a subtle gradient of habitat quality exists. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4761763 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47617632016-03-03 Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of source–sink dynamics Heinrichs, Julie A. Lawler, Joshua J. Schumaker, Nathan H. Ecol Evol British Ecological Society Special Feature: Demography Beyond the Population Many factors affect the presence and exchange of individuals among subpopulations and influence not only the emergence, but the strength of ensuing source–sink dynamics within metapopulations. Yet their relative contributions remain largely unexplored. To help identify the characteristics of empirical systems that are likely to exhibit strong versus weak source–sink dynamics and inform their differential management, we compared the relative roles of influential factors in strengthening source–sink dynamics. In a series of controlled experiments within a spatially explicit individual‐based model framework, we varied patch quality, patch size, the dispersion of high‐ and low‐quality patches, population growth rates, dispersal distances, and environmental stochasticity in a factorial design. We then recorded source–sink dynamics that emerged from the simulated habitat and population factors. Long‐term differences in births and deaths were quantified for sources and sinks in each system and used in a statistical model to rank the influences of key factors. Our results suggest that systems with species capable of rapid growth, occupying habitat patches with more disparate qualities, with interspersed higher‐ and lower‐quality habitats, and that experience relatively stable environments (i.e., fewer negative perturbations) are more likely to exhibit strong source–sink dynamics. Strong source–sink dynamics emerged under diverse combinations of factors, suggesting that simple inferences of process from pattern will likely be inadequate to predict and assess the strength of source–sink dynamics. Our results also suggest that it may be more difficult to detect and accurately measure source–sink dynamics in slow‐growing populations, highly variable environments, and where a subtle gradient of habitat quality exists. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4761763/ /pubmed/26941935 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2029 Text en © 2016 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | British Ecological Society Special Feature: Demography Beyond the Population Heinrichs, Julie A. Lawler, Joshua J. Schumaker, Nathan H. Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of source–sink dynamics |
title | Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of source–sink dynamics |
title_full | Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of source–sink dynamics |
title_fullStr | Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of source–sink dynamics |
title_full_unstemmed | Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of source–sink dynamics |
title_short | Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of source–sink dynamics |
title_sort | intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of source–sink dynamics |
topic | British Ecological Society Special Feature: Demography Beyond the Population |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4761763/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26941935 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2029 |
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