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Mercury and antimony in wastewater: fate and treatment
It is important to understand the fate of Hg and Sb within the wastewater treatment process so as to examine potential treatment options and to ensure compliance with regulatory standards. The fate of Hg and Sb was investigated for an activated sludge process treatment works in the UK. Relatively hi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4764622/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26949273 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-2756-8 |
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author | Hargreaves, Andrew J. Vale, Peter Whelan, Jonathan Constantino, Carlos Dotro, Gabriela Cartmell, Elise |
author_facet | Hargreaves, Andrew J. Vale, Peter Whelan, Jonathan Constantino, Carlos Dotro, Gabriela Cartmell, Elise |
author_sort | Hargreaves, Andrew J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | It is important to understand the fate of Hg and Sb within the wastewater treatment process so as to examine potential treatment options and to ensure compliance with regulatory standards. The fate of Hg and Sb was investigated for an activated sludge process treatment works in the UK. Relatively high crude values (Hg 0.092 μg/L, Sb 1.73 μg/L) were observed at the works, whilst low removal rates within the primary (Hg 52.2 %, Sb 16.3 %) and secondary treatment stages (Hg 29.5 %, Sb −28.9 %) resulted in final effluent concentrations of 0.031 μg/L for Hg and 2.04 μg/L for Sb. Removal of Hg was positively correlated with suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, whilst Sb was negatively correlated. Elevated final effluent Sb concentrations compared with crude values were postulated and were suggested to result from Sb present in returned sludge liquors. Kepner Tregoe (KT) analysis was applied to identify suitable treatment technologies. For Hg, chemical techniques (specifically precipitation) were found to be the most suitable whilst for Sb, adsorption (using granulated ferric hydroxide) was deemed most appropriate. Operational solutions, such as lengthening hydraulic retention time, and treatment technologies deployed on sludge liquors were also reviewed but were not feasible for implementation at the works. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4764622 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47646222016-03-04 Mercury and antimony in wastewater: fate and treatment Hargreaves, Andrew J. Vale, Peter Whelan, Jonathan Constantino, Carlos Dotro, Gabriela Cartmell, Elise Water Air Soil Pollut Article It is important to understand the fate of Hg and Sb within the wastewater treatment process so as to examine potential treatment options and to ensure compliance with regulatory standards. The fate of Hg and Sb was investigated for an activated sludge process treatment works in the UK. Relatively high crude values (Hg 0.092 μg/L, Sb 1.73 μg/L) were observed at the works, whilst low removal rates within the primary (Hg 52.2 %, Sb 16.3 %) and secondary treatment stages (Hg 29.5 %, Sb −28.9 %) resulted in final effluent concentrations of 0.031 μg/L for Hg and 2.04 μg/L for Sb. Removal of Hg was positively correlated with suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, whilst Sb was negatively correlated. Elevated final effluent Sb concentrations compared with crude values were postulated and were suggested to result from Sb present in returned sludge liquors. Kepner Tregoe (KT) analysis was applied to identify suitable treatment technologies. For Hg, chemical techniques (specifically precipitation) were found to be the most suitable whilst for Sb, adsorption (using granulated ferric hydroxide) was deemed most appropriate. Operational solutions, such as lengthening hydraulic retention time, and treatment technologies deployed on sludge liquors were also reviewed but were not feasible for implementation at the works. Springer International Publishing 2016-02-23 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC4764622/ /pubmed/26949273 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-2756-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2016 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Article Hargreaves, Andrew J. Vale, Peter Whelan, Jonathan Constantino, Carlos Dotro, Gabriela Cartmell, Elise Mercury and antimony in wastewater: fate and treatment |
title | Mercury and antimony in wastewater: fate and treatment |
title_full | Mercury and antimony in wastewater: fate and treatment |
title_fullStr | Mercury and antimony in wastewater: fate and treatment |
title_full_unstemmed | Mercury and antimony in wastewater: fate and treatment |
title_short | Mercury and antimony in wastewater: fate and treatment |
title_sort | mercury and antimony in wastewater: fate and treatment |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4764622/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26949273 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-2756-8 |
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