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Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Leukemias

Despite huge improvements in the treatment of leukemia, the percentage of patients suffering relapse still remains significant. Relapse most often results from a small number of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) within the bone marrow, which are able to self-renew, and therefore reestablish the full tumor....

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Autores principales: Deynoux, Margaux, Sunter, Nicola, Hérault, Olivier, Mazurier, Frédéric
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4767894/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26955619
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2016.00041
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author Deynoux, Margaux
Sunter, Nicola
Hérault, Olivier
Mazurier, Frédéric
author_facet Deynoux, Margaux
Sunter, Nicola
Hérault, Olivier
Mazurier, Frédéric
author_sort Deynoux, Margaux
collection PubMed
description Despite huge improvements in the treatment of leukemia, the percentage of patients suffering relapse still remains significant. Relapse most often results from a small number of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) within the bone marrow, which are able to self-renew, and therefore reestablish the full tumor. The marrow microenvironment contributes considerably in supporting the protection and development of leukemic cells. LSCs share specific niches with normal hematopoietic stem cells with the niche itself being composed of a variety of cell types, including mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, bone cells, immune cells, neuronal cells, and vascular cells. A hallmark of the hematopoietic niche is low oxygen partial pressure, indeed this hypoxia is necessary for the long-term maintenance of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Hypoxia is a strong signal, principally maintained by members of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) family. In solid tumors, it has been well established that hypoxia triggers intrinsic metabolic changes and microenvironmental modifications, such as the stimulation of angiogenesis, through activation of HIFs. As leukemia is not considered a “solid” tumor, the role of oxygen in the disease was presumed to be inconsequential and remained long overlooked. This view has now been revised since hypoxia has been shown to influence leukemic cell proliferation, differentiation, and resistance to chemotherapy. However, the role of HIF proteins remains controversial with HIFs being considered as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, depending on the study and model. The purpose of this review is to highlight our knowledge of hypoxia and HIFs in leukemic development and therapeutic resistance and to discuss the recent hypoxia-based strategies proposed to eradicate leukemias.
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spelling pubmed-47678942016-03-07 Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Leukemias Deynoux, Margaux Sunter, Nicola Hérault, Olivier Mazurier, Frédéric Front Oncol Oncology Despite huge improvements in the treatment of leukemia, the percentage of patients suffering relapse still remains significant. Relapse most often results from a small number of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) within the bone marrow, which are able to self-renew, and therefore reestablish the full tumor. The marrow microenvironment contributes considerably in supporting the protection and development of leukemic cells. LSCs share specific niches with normal hematopoietic stem cells with the niche itself being composed of a variety of cell types, including mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, bone cells, immune cells, neuronal cells, and vascular cells. A hallmark of the hematopoietic niche is low oxygen partial pressure, indeed this hypoxia is necessary for the long-term maintenance of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Hypoxia is a strong signal, principally maintained by members of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) family. In solid tumors, it has been well established that hypoxia triggers intrinsic metabolic changes and microenvironmental modifications, such as the stimulation of angiogenesis, through activation of HIFs. As leukemia is not considered a “solid” tumor, the role of oxygen in the disease was presumed to be inconsequential and remained long overlooked. This view has now been revised since hypoxia has been shown to influence leukemic cell proliferation, differentiation, and resistance to chemotherapy. However, the role of HIF proteins remains controversial with HIFs being considered as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, depending on the study and model. The purpose of this review is to highlight our knowledge of hypoxia and HIFs in leukemic development and therapeutic resistance and to discuss the recent hypoxia-based strategies proposed to eradicate leukemias. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-02-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4767894/ /pubmed/26955619 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2016.00041 Text en Copyright © 2016 Deynoux, Sunter, Hérault and Mazurier. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Oncology
Deynoux, Margaux
Sunter, Nicola
Hérault, Olivier
Mazurier, Frédéric
Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Leukemias
title Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Leukemias
title_full Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Leukemias
title_fullStr Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Leukemias
title_full_unstemmed Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Leukemias
title_short Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Leukemias
title_sort hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in leukemias
topic Oncology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4767894/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26955619
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2016.00041
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