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Carotid body chemoreceptors, sympathetic neural activation, and cardiometabolic disease

The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor that senses the arterial PO(2), PCO(2) and pH. In response to hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis, carotid chemosensory discharge elicits reflex respiratory, autonomic and cardiovascular adjustments. The classical construct considers the CB...

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Autores principales: Iturriaga, Rodrigo, Del Rio, Rodrigo, Idiaquez, Juan, Somers, Virend K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4768417/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26920146
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40659-016-0073-8
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author Iturriaga, Rodrigo
Del Rio, Rodrigo
Idiaquez, Juan
Somers, Virend K.
author_facet Iturriaga, Rodrigo
Del Rio, Rodrigo
Idiaquez, Juan
Somers, Virend K.
author_sort Iturriaga, Rodrigo
collection PubMed
description The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor that senses the arterial PO(2), PCO(2) and pH. In response to hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis, carotid chemosensory discharge elicits reflex respiratory, autonomic and cardiovascular adjustments. The classical construct considers the CB as the main peripheral oxygen sensor, triggering reflex physiological responses to acute hypoxemia and facilitating the ventilatory acclimation to chronic hypoxemia at high altitude. However, a growing body of experimental evidence supports the novel concept that an abnormally enhanced CB chemosensory input to the brainstem contributes to overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system, and consequent pathology. Indeed, the CB has been implicated in several diseases associated with increases in central sympathetic outflow. These include hypertension, heart failure, sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metabolic syndrome. Indeed, ablation of the CB has been proposed for the treatment of severe and resistant hypertension in humans. In this review, we will analyze and discuss new evidence supporting an important role for the CB chemoreceptor in the progression of autonomic and cardiorespiratory alterations induced by heart failure, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metabolic syndrome.
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spelling pubmed-47684172016-02-27 Carotid body chemoreceptors, sympathetic neural activation, and cardiometabolic disease Iturriaga, Rodrigo Del Rio, Rodrigo Idiaquez, Juan Somers, Virend K. Biol Res Review The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor that senses the arterial PO(2), PCO(2) and pH. In response to hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis, carotid chemosensory discharge elicits reflex respiratory, autonomic and cardiovascular adjustments. The classical construct considers the CB as the main peripheral oxygen sensor, triggering reflex physiological responses to acute hypoxemia and facilitating the ventilatory acclimation to chronic hypoxemia at high altitude. However, a growing body of experimental evidence supports the novel concept that an abnormally enhanced CB chemosensory input to the brainstem contributes to overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system, and consequent pathology. Indeed, the CB has been implicated in several diseases associated with increases in central sympathetic outflow. These include hypertension, heart failure, sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metabolic syndrome. Indeed, ablation of the CB has been proposed for the treatment of severe and resistant hypertension in humans. In this review, we will analyze and discuss new evidence supporting an important role for the CB chemoreceptor in the progression of autonomic and cardiorespiratory alterations induced by heart failure, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metabolic syndrome. BioMed Central 2016-02-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4768417/ /pubmed/26920146 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40659-016-0073-8 Text en © Iturriaga et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Review
Iturriaga, Rodrigo
Del Rio, Rodrigo
Idiaquez, Juan
Somers, Virend K.
Carotid body chemoreceptors, sympathetic neural activation, and cardiometabolic disease
title Carotid body chemoreceptors, sympathetic neural activation, and cardiometabolic disease
title_full Carotid body chemoreceptors, sympathetic neural activation, and cardiometabolic disease
title_fullStr Carotid body chemoreceptors, sympathetic neural activation, and cardiometabolic disease
title_full_unstemmed Carotid body chemoreceptors, sympathetic neural activation, and cardiometabolic disease
title_short Carotid body chemoreceptors, sympathetic neural activation, and cardiometabolic disease
title_sort carotid body chemoreceptors, sympathetic neural activation, and cardiometabolic disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4768417/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26920146
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40659-016-0073-8
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