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Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Spirituality Questionnaire for Indian Palliative Care Patients

INTRODUCTION: There are only a few studies on spirituality among palliative care patients in India. This gap in research may be caused by the absence of relevant questionnaires and scales specifically designed for Indian palliative care populations. In this study, we describe the development of such...

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Autores principales: Bhatnagar, Sushma, Noble, Simon, Chaturvedi, Santosh K, Gielen, Joris
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4768456/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26962275
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1075.173939
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author Bhatnagar, Sushma
Noble, Simon
Chaturvedi, Santosh K
Gielen, Joris
author_facet Bhatnagar, Sushma
Noble, Simon
Chaturvedi, Santosh K
Gielen, Joris
author_sort Bhatnagar, Sushma
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: There are only a few studies on spirituality among palliative care patients in India. This gap in research may be caused by the absence of relevant questionnaires and scales specifically designed for Indian palliative care populations. In this study, we describe the development of such a questionnaire and explain its psychometric characteristics. METHODS: We designed a questionnaire on the basis of a systematic review of the literature. After a review of the questionnaire by specialists and a subsequent pilot study, the questionnaire was amended. The final questionnaire consisted of a list of 36 spirituality items. It was administered to a sample of 300 cancer patients attending the pain clinic of a tertiary hospital in New Delhi. RESULTS: A factor analysis led to four factors explaining 54.6% of variance: Shifting moral and religious values (Factor 1), support from religious relationship (Factor 2), existential blame (Factor 3), and spiritual trust (Factor 4). The skewness and kurtosis for Factors 1, 3, and 4 were within a tolerable range for assuming a normal distribution, but Factor 2 was skewed. The alphas showed that the four factors have an acceptable internal consistency. Statistically significant associations were observed for age and Factor 3 (P = 0.004), gender and Factor 4 (P = 0.014), marital status and Factors 3 (P = 0.002) and 4 (P = 0.001), educational level and Factors 3 (P < 0.001) and 4 (P < 0.001), and pain scores and Factors 1 (P < 0.001), 2 (P < 0.001), and 3 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The questionnaire offers promising prospects for the study of spirituality among palliative care patients in India.
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spelling pubmed-47684562016-03-09 Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Spirituality Questionnaire for Indian Palliative Care Patients Bhatnagar, Sushma Noble, Simon Chaturvedi, Santosh K Gielen, Joris Indian J Palliat Care Original Article INTRODUCTION: There are only a few studies on spirituality among palliative care patients in India. This gap in research may be caused by the absence of relevant questionnaires and scales specifically designed for Indian palliative care populations. In this study, we describe the development of such a questionnaire and explain its psychometric characteristics. METHODS: We designed a questionnaire on the basis of a systematic review of the literature. After a review of the questionnaire by specialists and a subsequent pilot study, the questionnaire was amended. The final questionnaire consisted of a list of 36 spirituality items. It was administered to a sample of 300 cancer patients attending the pain clinic of a tertiary hospital in New Delhi. RESULTS: A factor analysis led to four factors explaining 54.6% of variance: Shifting moral and religious values (Factor 1), support from religious relationship (Factor 2), existential blame (Factor 3), and spiritual trust (Factor 4). The skewness and kurtosis for Factors 1, 3, and 4 were within a tolerable range for assuming a normal distribution, but Factor 2 was skewed. The alphas showed that the four factors have an acceptable internal consistency. Statistically significant associations were observed for age and Factor 3 (P = 0.004), gender and Factor 4 (P = 0.014), marital status and Factors 3 (P = 0.002) and 4 (P = 0.001), educational level and Factors 3 (P < 0.001) and 4 (P < 0.001), and pain scores and Factors 1 (P < 0.001), 2 (P < 0.001), and 3 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The questionnaire offers promising prospects for the study of spirituality among palliative care patients in India. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC4768456/ /pubmed/26962275 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1075.173939 Text en Copyright: © Indian Journal of Palliative Care http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Original Article
Bhatnagar, Sushma
Noble, Simon
Chaturvedi, Santosh K
Gielen, Joris
Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Spirituality Questionnaire for Indian Palliative Care Patients
title Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Spirituality Questionnaire for Indian Palliative Care Patients
title_full Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Spirituality Questionnaire for Indian Palliative Care Patients
title_fullStr Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Spirituality Questionnaire for Indian Palliative Care Patients
title_full_unstemmed Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Spirituality Questionnaire for Indian Palliative Care Patients
title_short Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Spirituality Questionnaire for Indian Palliative Care Patients
title_sort development and psychometric assessment of a spirituality questionnaire for indian palliative care patients
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4768456/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26962275
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1075.173939
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