Cargando…

Transcriptome and Biochemical Analysis of a Flower Color Polymorphism in Silene littorea (Caryophyllaceae)

Flower color polymorphisms are widely used as model traits from genetics to ecology, yet determining the biochemical and molecular basis can be challenging. Anthocyanin-based flower color variations can be caused by at least 12 structural and three regulatory genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pa...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Casimiro-Soriguer, Inés, Narbona, Eduardo, Buide, M. L., del Valle, José C., Whittall, Justen B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4770042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26973662
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00204
_version_ 1782418185057730560
author Casimiro-Soriguer, Inés
Narbona, Eduardo
Buide, M. L.
del Valle, José C.
Whittall, Justen B.
author_facet Casimiro-Soriguer, Inés
Narbona, Eduardo
Buide, M. L.
del Valle, José C.
Whittall, Justen B.
author_sort Casimiro-Soriguer, Inés
collection PubMed
description Flower color polymorphisms are widely used as model traits from genetics to ecology, yet determining the biochemical and molecular basis can be challenging. Anthocyanin-based flower color variations can be caused by at least 12 structural and three regulatory genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (ABP). We use mRNA-Seq to simultaneously sequence and estimate expression of these candidate genes in nine samples of Silene littorea representing three color morphs (dark pink, light pink and white) across three developmental stages in hopes of identifying the cause of flower color variation. We identified 29 putative paralogs for the 15 candidate genes in the ABP. We assembled complete coding sequences for 16 structural loci and nine of ten regulatory loci. Among these 29 putative paralogs, we identified 622 SNPs, yet only nine synonymous SNPs in Ans had allele frequencies that differentiated pigmented petals (dark pink and light pink) from white petals. These Ans allele frequency differences were further investigated with an expanded sequencing survey of 38 individuals, yet no SNPs consistently differentiated the color morphs. We also found one locus, F3h1, with strong differential expression between pigmented and white samples (>42x). This may be caused by decreased expression of Myb1a in white petal buds. Myb1a in S. littorea is a regulatory locus closely related to Subgroup 7 Mybs known to regulate F3h and other loci in the first half of the ABP in model species. We then compare the mRNA-Seq results with petal biochemistry which revealed cyanidin as the primary anthocyanin and five flavonoid intermediates. Concentrations of three of the flavonoid intermediates were significantly lower in white petals than in pigmented petals (rutin, quercetin and isovitexin). The biochemistry results for rutin, quercetin, luteolin and apigenin are consistent with the transcriptome results suggesting a blockage at F3h, possibly caused by downregulation of Myb1a.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4770042
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2016
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-47700422016-03-11 Transcriptome and Biochemical Analysis of a Flower Color Polymorphism in Silene littorea (Caryophyllaceae) Casimiro-Soriguer, Inés Narbona, Eduardo Buide, M. L. del Valle, José C. Whittall, Justen B. Front Plant Sci Plant Science Flower color polymorphisms are widely used as model traits from genetics to ecology, yet determining the biochemical and molecular basis can be challenging. Anthocyanin-based flower color variations can be caused by at least 12 structural and three regulatory genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (ABP). We use mRNA-Seq to simultaneously sequence and estimate expression of these candidate genes in nine samples of Silene littorea representing three color morphs (dark pink, light pink and white) across three developmental stages in hopes of identifying the cause of flower color variation. We identified 29 putative paralogs for the 15 candidate genes in the ABP. We assembled complete coding sequences for 16 structural loci and nine of ten regulatory loci. Among these 29 putative paralogs, we identified 622 SNPs, yet only nine synonymous SNPs in Ans had allele frequencies that differentiated pigmented petals (dark pink and light pink) from white petals. These Ans allele frequency differences were further investigated with an expanded sequencing survey of 38 individuals, yet no SNPs consistently differentiated the color morphs. We also found one locus, F3h1, with strong differential expression between pigmented and white samples (>42x). This may be caused by decreased expression of Myb1a in white petal buds. Myb1a in S. littorea is a regulatory locus closely related to Subgroup 7 Mybs known to regulate F3h and other loci in the first half of the ABP in model species. We then compare the mRNA-Seq results with petal biochemistry which revealed cyanidin as the primary anthocyanin and five flavonoid intermediates. Concentrations of three of the flavonoid intermediates were significantly lower in white petals than in pigmented petals (rutin, quercetin and isovitexin). The biochemistry results for rutin, quercetin, luteolin and apigenin are consistent with the transcriptome results suggesting a blockage at F3h, possibly caused by downregulation of Myb1a. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-02-29 /pmc/articles/PMC4770042/ /pubmed/26973662 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00204 Text en Copyright © 2016 Casimiro-Soriguer, Narbona, Buide, del Valle and Whittall. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Casimiro-Soriguer, Inés
Narbona, Eduardo
Buide, M. L.
del Valle, José C.
Whittall, Justen B.
Transcriptome and Biochemical Analysis of a Flower Color Polymorphism in Silene littorea (Caryophyllaceae)
title Transcriptome and Biochemical Analysis of a Flower Color Polymorphism in Silene littorea (Caryophyllaceae)
title_full Transcriptome and Biochemical Analysis of a Flower Color Polymorphism in Silene littorea (Caryophyllaceae)
title_fullStr Transcriptome and Biochemical Analysis of a Flower Color Polymorphism in Silene littorea (Caryophyllaceae)
title_full_unstemmed Transcriptome and Biochemical Analysis of a Flower Color Polymorphism in Silene littorea (Caryophyllaceae)
title_short Transcriptome and Biochemical Analysis of a Flower Color Polymorphism in Silene littorea (Caryophyllaceae)
title_sort transcriptome and biochemical analysis of a flower color polymorphism in silene littorea (caryophyllaceae)
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4770042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26973662
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00204
work_keys_str_mv AT casimirosoriguerines transcriptomeandbiochemicalanalysisofaflowercolorpolymorphisminsilenelittoreacaryophyllaceae
AT narbonaeduardo transcriptomeandbiochemicalanalysisofaflowercolorpolymorphisminsilenelittoreacaryophyllaceae
AT buideml transcriptomeandbiochemicalanalysisofaflowercolorpolymorphisminsilenelittoreacaryophyllaceae
AT delvallejosec transcriptomeandbiochemicalanalysisofaflowercolorpolymorphisminsilenelittoreacaryophyllaceae
AT whittalljustenb transcriptomeandbiochemicalanalysisofaflowercolorpolymorphisminsilenelittoreacaryophyllaceae