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Detection of chloroquine and artemisinin resistance molecular markers in Plasmodium falciparum: A hospital based study

INTRODUCTION: Emergence of chloroquine (CQ) resistance in Plasmodium falciparum has increased the morbidity and mortality of falciparum malaria worldwide. Artemisinin-based combination therapies are now recommended by the World Health Organization as the first line treatment for falciparum malaria....

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Autores principales: Ramani, S, Parija, Subhash Chandra, Mandal, Jharna, Hamide, Abdoul, Bhat, Vishnu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4778185/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26998436
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2229-5070.175110
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author Ramani, S
Parija, Subhash Chandra
Mandal, Jharna
Hamide, Abdoul
Bhat, Vishnu
author_facet Ramani, S
Parija, Subhash Chandra
Mandal, Jharna
Hamide, Abdoul
Bhat, Vishnu
author_sort Ramani, S
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Emergence of chloroquine (CQ) resistance in Plasmodium falciparum has increased the morbidity and mortality of falciparum malaria worldwide. Artemisinin-based combination therapies are now recommended by the World Health Organization as the first line treatment for falciparum malaria. Numerous molecular markers have been implicated in the CQ and artemisinin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 26 confirmed cases of falciparum malaria (by giemsa stained thick and thin smear, quantitative buffy coat, immunochromatographic test, or polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) were included in the study. About 5 ml of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood sample was collected and stored at −20°C till use. Plasmodium DNA was extracted using QIAamp whole blood DNA extraction kit. PCR was done to amplify pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfserca, and pfmrp1 genes and the amplicons obtained were sequenced by Macrogen, Inc., Korea. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was done using Bio-Edit Sequence Alignment Editor. RESULTS: Out of the four genes targeted, we noted a SNP in the pfcrt gene alone. This SNP (G > T) was noted in the 658(th) position of the gene, which was seen in 13 patients. The pfmdr1 and pfserca genes were present in 9 and 14 patients respectively. But we could not find any SNPs in these genes. This SNP in pfcrt gene was not significantly associated with any adverse outcome and neither altered disease progression. CONCLUSION: Presence of a single SNP may not be associated with any adverse clinical outcome. As the sample size was small, we may have not been able to detect any other known or unknown polymorphisms.
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spelling pubmed-47781852016-03-18 Detection of chloroquine and artemisinin resistance molecular markers in Plasmodium falciparum: A hospital based study Ramani, S Parija, Subhash Chandra Mandal, Jharna Hamide, Abdoul Bhat, Vishnu Trop Parasitol Original Article INTRODUCTION: Emergence of chloroquine (CQ) resistance in Plasmodium falciparum has increased the morbidity and mortality of falciparum malaria worldwide. Artemisinin-based combination therapies are now recommended by the World Health Organization as the first line treatment for falciparum malaria. Numerous molecular markers have been implicated in the CQ and artemisinin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 26 confirmed cases of falciparum malaria (by giemsa stained thick and thin smear, quantitative buffy coat, immunochromatographic test, or polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) were included in the study. About 5 ml of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood sample was collected and stored at −20°C till use. Plasmodium DNA was extracted using QIAamp whole blood DNA extraction kit. PCR was done to amplify pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfserca, and pfmrp1 genes and the amplicons obtained were sequenced by Macrogen, Inc., Korea. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was done using Bio-Edit Sequence Alignment Editor. RESULTS: Out of the four genes targeted, we noted a SNP in the pfcrt gene alone. This SNP (G > T) was noted in the 658(th) position of the gene, which was seen in 13 patients. The pfmdr1 and pfserca genes were present in 9 and 14 patients respectively. But we could not find any SNPs in these genes. This SNP in pfcrt gene was not significantly associated with any adverse outcome and neither altered disease progression. CONCLUSION: Presence of a single SNP may not be associated with any adverse clinical outcome. As the sample size was small, we may have not been able to detect any other known or unknown polymorphisms. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC4778185/ /pubmed/26998436 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2229-5070.175110 Text en Copyright: © 2016 Tropical Parasitology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Original Article
Ramani, S
Parija, Subhash Chandra
Mandal, Jharna
Hamide, Abdoul
Bhat, Vishnu
Detection of chloroquine and artemisinin resistance molecular markers in Plasmodium falciparum: A hospital based study
title Detection of chloroquine and artemisinin resistance molecular markers in Plasmodium falciparum: A hospital based study
title_full Detection of chloroquine and artemisinin resistance molecular markers in Plasmodium falciparum: A hospital based study
title_fullStr Detection of chloroquine and artemisinin resistance molecular markers in Plasmodium falciparum: A hospital based study
title_full_unstemmed Detection of chloroquine and artemisinin resistance molecular markers in Plasmodium falciparum: A hospital based study
title_short Detection of chloroquine and artemisinin resistance molecular markers in Plasmodium falciparum: A hospital based study
title_sort detection of chloroquine and artemisinin resistance molecular markers in plasmodium falciparum: a hospital based study
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4778185/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26998436
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2229-5070.175110
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