Space maintenance in autogenous fresh demineralized tooth blocks with platelet-rich plasma for maxillary sinus bone formation: a prospective study

This prospective study evaluated the effectiveness of autogenous fresh demineralized tooth block (Auto-FDT block) with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for maxillary sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant installation. Auto-FDT block with PRP was used in Group 1 (n = 15) and combined graft (allograft and xenograft) powder with PRP was used in Group 2 (n = 15). For up to 2 years after the final prosthesis was installed, clinical and radiographic examinations were performed to evaluate the amount of graft materials, residual alveolar height (RAH), sinus height (SH) after grafting, augmented graft height (AGH) and resorption height (RH). In ten cases, biopsies were harvested for histological and histomorphometric analyses. A total of 59 implants were placed in a severe atrophic posterior maxilla with less than 5 mm of RAH and sinus augmentation. None of the patients developed sinusitis or other complications, such as implant loss. The graft material extracted included one molar (or 2 premolars) in Group 1 and 1.8 cc in Group 2. The radiologic examination revealed the following average between-group difference SH (Group 1, 14.12 ± 1.63 mm vs Group 2, 16.51 ± 1.29 mm) and AGH (Group 1, 11.62 ± 2.22 mm vs Group 2, 13.65 ± 1.35 mm). However, sufficient SH and AGH were observed for the implants in the Auto-FDT block group. Two years after final prosthesis was installed, no between-group difference in the RH was observed (Group 1, 1.23 ± 0.73 mm vs Group 2, 1.77 ± 0.54 mm, P = 0.021). The histomorphometric analysis revealed no between-group difference in the new bone volume (Group 1, 23.13 ± 1.42 % vs Group 2, 24.18 ± 2.19 %, P = 0.548). The results showed that Auto-FDT block with PRP can be used in grafted sinuses for implants with only one extracted molar (or two premolars). Auto-FDT block with PRP promotes new bone formation that is comparable with combined grafts. Auto-FDT block with PRP is as an alternative to bone grafting and can be a predictable procedure for sinus augmentation.