Neoadjuvant imatinib treatment and laparoscopic anus-preserving surgery for a large gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the rectum

BACKGROUND: Resection of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the rectum can be difficult because of the particular location in the pelvis, and a large rectal GIST often requires abdominoperineal resection. Recent reports demonstrate that neoadjuvant imatinib treatment improves surgical outcomes in patients with a rectal GIST, and there are only a few reports of the effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery for a rectal GIST. CASE PRESENTATION: A 46-year-old man was found to have a rectal GIST that measured 80 mm and was located on the anterior wall of the lower rectum. After 6 months treatment with imatinib, the tumor decreased in size to 37 mm, and laparoscopic low anterior resection was performed. The patient is currently alive without any evidence of recurrence 37 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant imatinib should be a treatment of choice for a large rectal GIST. When marked tumor shrinkage is achieved, laparoscopic surgery may be the preferred procedure.