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Temporal Genetic Modifications after Controlled Cortical Impact—Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury through a Systematic Network Approach
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a primary injury caused by external physical force and also a secondary injury caused by biological processes such as metabolic, cellular, and other molecular events that eventually lead to brain cell death, tissue and nerve damage, and atrophy. It is a common disease...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4783948/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26861311 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17020216 |
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author | Wong, Yung-Hao Wu, Chia-Chou Wu, John Chung-Che Lai, Hsien-Yong Chen, Kai-Yun Jheng, Bo-Ren Chen, Mien-Cheng Chang, Tzu-Hao Chen, Bor-Sen |
author_facet | Wong, Yung-Hao Wu, Chia-Chou Wu, John Chung-Che Lai, Hsien-Yong Chen, Kai-Yun Jheng, Bo-Ren Chen, Mien-Cheng Chang, Tzu-Hao Chen, Bor-Sen |
author_sort | Wong, Yung-Hao |
collection | PubMed |
description | Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a primary injury caused by external physical force and also a secondary injury caused by biological processes such as metabolic, cellular, and other molecular events that eventually lead to brain cell death, tissue and nerve damage, and atrophy. It is a common disease process (as opposed to an event) that causes disabilities and high death rates. In order to treat all the repercussions of this injury, treatment becomes increasingly complex and difficult throughout the evolution of a TBI. Using high-throughput microarray data, we developed a systems biology approach to explore potential molecular mechanisms at four time points post-TBI (4, 8, 24, and 72 h), using a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model. We identified 27, 50, 48, and 59 significant proteins as network biomarkers at these four time points, respectively. We present their network structures to illustrate the protein–protein interactions (PPIs). We also identified UBC (Ubiquitin C), SUMO1, CDKN1A (cyclindependent kinase inhibitor 1A), and MYC as the core network biomarkers at the four time points, respectively. Using the functional analytical tool MetaCore™, we explored regulatory mechanisms and biological processes and conducted a statistical analysis of the four networks. The analytical results support some recent findings regarding TBI and provide additional guidance and directions for future research. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4783948 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47839482016-03-14 Temporal Genetic Modifications after Controlled Cortical Impact—Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury through a Systematic Network Approach Wong, Yung-Hao Wu, Chia-Chou Wu, John Chung-Che Lai, Hsien-Yong Chen, Kai-Yun Jheng, Bo-Ren Chen, Mien-Cheng Chang, Tzu-Hao Chen, Bor-Sen Int J Mol Sci Article Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a primary injury caused by external physical force and also a secondary injury caused by biological processes such as metabolic, cellular, and other molecular events that eventually lead to brain cell death, tissue and nerve damage, and atrophy. It is a common disease process (as opposed to an event) that causes disabilities and high death rates. In order to treat all the repercussions of this injury, treatment becomes increasingly complex and difficult throughout the evolution of a TBI. Using high-throughput microarray data, we developed a systems biology approach to explore potential molecular mechanisms at four time points post-TBI (4, 8, 24, and 72 h), using a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model. We identified 27, 50, 48, and 59 significant proteins as network biomarkers at these four time points, respectively. We present their network structures to illustrate the protein–protein interactions (PPIs). We also identified UBC (Ubiquitin C), SUMO1, CDKN1A (cyclindependent kinase inhibitor 1A), and MYC as the core network biomarkers at the four time points, respectively. Using the functional analytical tool MetaCore™, we explored regulatory mechanisms and biological processes and conducted a statistical analysis of the four networks. The analytical results support some recent findings regarding TBI and provide additional guidance and directions for future research. MDPI 2016-02-06 /pmc/articles/PMC4783948/ /pubmed/26861311 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17020216 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Wong, Yung-Hao Wu, Chia-Chou Wu, John Chung-Che Lai, Hsien-Yong Chen, Kai-Yun Jheng, Bo-Ren Chen, Mien-Cheng Chang, Tzu-Hao Chen, Bor-Sen Temporal Genetic Modifications after Controlled Cortical Impact—Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury through a Systematic Network Approach |
title | Temporal Genetic Modifications after Controlled Cortical Impact—Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury through a Systematic Network Approach |
title_full | Temporal Genetic Modifications after Controlled Cortical Impact—Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury through a Systematic Network Approach |
title_fullStr | Temporal Genetic Modifications after Controlled Cortical Impact—Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury through a Systematic Network Approach |
title_full_unstemmed | Temporal Genetic Modifications after Controlled Cortical Impact—Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury through a Systematic Network Approach |
title_short | Temporal Genetic Modifications after Controlled Cortical Impact—Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury through a Systematic Network Approach |
title_sort | temporal genetic modifications after controlled cortical impact—understanding traumatic brain injury through a systematic network approach |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4783948/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26861311 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17020216 |
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