X-Ray Diffraction of different samples of Swarna Makshika Bhasma

INTRODUCTION: Shodhana and Marana are a series of complex procedures that identify the undesirable effects of heavy metals/minerals and convert them into absorbable and assimilable forms. Study on the analytical levels is essential to evaluate the structural and chemical changes that take place during and after following such procedures as described in major classical texts to understand the mystery behind these processes. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) helps to identify and characterize minerals/metals and fix up the particular characteristics pattern of prepared Bhasma. AIM: To evaluate the chemical changes in Swarna Makshika Bhasma prepared by using different media and methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, raw Swarna Makshika, purified Swarna Makshika and four types of Swarna Makshika Bhasma prepared by using different media and methods were analyzed by XRD study. RESULTS: XRD study of different samples revealed strongest peaks of iron oxide in Bhasma. Other phases of Cu(2)O, FeS(2), Cu(2)S, FeSO(4), etc., were also identified in many of the samples. CONCLUSION: XRD study revealed that Swarna Makshika Bhasma prepared by Kupipakwa method is better, convenient, and can save time.