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Magnitude of dental caries, missing and filled teeth in Malawi: National Oral Health Survey

BACKGROUND: Oral health problems are significant cause of morbidity particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In Malawi, routine health management information system data over the years showed that oral health problems were one of the top ten reasons for outpatient attendance. However, to date, no nationa...

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Autores principales: Msyamboza, Kelias Phiri, Phale, Enock, Namalika, Jessie Mlotha, Mwase, Younam, Samonte, Gian Carlo, Kajirime, Doubt, Sumani, Sewedi, Chalila, Pax D., Potani, Rennie, Mwale, George Chithope-, Kathyola, Damson, Mukiwa, Weston
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4784360/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26956884
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-016-0190-3
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author Msyamboza, Kelias Phiri
Phale, Enock
Namalika, Jessie Mlotha
Mwase, Younam
Samonte, Gian Carlo
Kajirime, Doubt
Sumani, Sewedi
Chalila, Pax D.
Potani, Rennie
Mwale, George Chithope-
Kathyola, Damson
Mukiwa, Weston
author_facet Msyamboza, Kelias Phiri
Phale, Enock
Namalika, Jessie Mlotha
Mwase, Younam
Samonte, Gian Carlo
Kajirime, Doubt
Sumani, Sewedi
Chalila, Pax D.
Potani, Rennie
Mwale, George Chithope-
Kathyola, Damson
Mukiwa, Weston
author_sort Msyamboza, Kelias Phiri
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Oral health problems are significant cause of morbidity particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In Malawi, routine health management information system data over the years showed that oral health problems were one of the top ten reasons for outpatient attendance. However, to date, no national oral survey has been carried out to determine the prevalence of oral health problems. METHODS: A national population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2013. A total of 130 enumeration areas (EAs) were randomly selected and from each EA, 40 participants were randomly selected as per WHO STEPS survey protocol. Eligible participants were 12, 15, 35–44 and 65–74 year old. A multi-stage sampling design was used to obtain a national representative sample of these age groups. Oral examination was based on WHO diagnostic criteria (2010). RESULTS: A total of 5400 participants were enrolled in the survey. Of these: 3304 (61.3 %) were females, 2090 (38.7 %) were males; 327 (6.9 %) were from urban and 4386 (93.1 %) from rural areas; 1115 (20.6 %), 993 (17.3 %), 2306 (42.7 %) and 683 (12.6 %) were aged 12, 15, 35–44, 65–74 years respectively. Among 12 year-old, 15 year-old, 35–44 and 65–74 year age groups, prevalence of dental caries was 19.1, 21.9, 49.0 and 49.2 % respectively, overall 37.4 %. Prevalence of missing teeth was 2.7, 5.2, 47.7 and 79.9 %, overall 35.2 %. Prevalence of filled teeth was 0.2 %, 1.3 %, 8.7 %, 12.7 %, overall 6.5 %. Prevalence of bleeding gums was 13.0, 11.8, 30.8 and 36.1 %, overall 23.5 %. Toothache, dental caries and missing teeth were more common in females than males; 46.5 % vs 37.9 %, 40.5 % vs 32.4 %, 37.7 % vs 30.1 % respectively, all p < 0.05. Prevalence of dental caries and missing teeth in urban areas were as high as in the rural areas; 33.3 % vs 37.4 % and 30.9 % vs 33.7 % respectively, all p > 0.05. The mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) in 12, 15, 35–44, 65–74 year old was 0.67, 0.71, 3.11 and 6.87 respectively. Self- reported brushing of teeth was poor with only 35.2 % of people brushed their teeth twice a day and tobacco smoking was high, particularly among adult males where one in five (22.9 %) was a smoker. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that oral health problems are major public health problems in Malawi. One in five (21 %) adolescents aged 12–15 years and half (49 %) of adults aged 35 years or more had dental caries, half (48 %) and 80 % of the population aged 35–44, 65–74 years had missing teeth respectively. Toothache, dental caries and missing teeth were more prevalent in females than males and prevalence in urban was as high as in rural areas. Oral hygiene was poor with less than 40 % of the population brush their teeth twice a day and tobacco smoking was high, particularly in men where prevalence was 23 %. These findings could be used to develop evidence-informed national policy, action and resource mobilization plan and community based interventions to reduce the prevalence of oral health problems in Malawi.
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spelling pubmed-47843602016-03-10 Magnitude of dental caries, missing and filled teeth in Malawi: National Oral Health Survey Msyamboza, Kelias Phiri Phale, Enock Namalika, Jessie Mlotha Mwase, Younam Samonte, Gian Carlo Kajirime, Doubt Sumani, Sewedi Chalila, Pax D. Potani, Rennie Mwale, George Chithope- Kathyola, Damson Mukiwa, Weston BMC Oral Health Research Article BACKGROUND: Oral health problems are significant cause of morbidity particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In Malawi, routine health management information system data over the years showed that oral health problems were one of the top ten reasons for outpatient attendance. However, to date, no national oral survey has been carried out to determine the prevalence of oral health problems. METHODS: A national population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2013. A total of 130 enumeration areas (EAs) were randomly selected and from each EA, 40 participants were randomly selected as per WHO STEPS survey protocol. Eligible participants were 12, 15, 35–44 and 65–74 year old. A multi-stage sampling design was used to obtain a national representative sample of these age groups. Oral examination was based on WHO diagnostic criteria (2010). RESULTS: A total of 5400 participants were enrolled in the survey. Of these: 3304 (61.3 %) were females, 2090 (38.7 %) were males; 327 (6.9 %) were from urban and 4386 (93.1 %) from rural areas; 1115 (20.6 %), 993 (17.3 %), 2306 (42.7 %) and 683 (12.6 %) were aged 12, 15, 35–44, 65–74 years respectively. Among 12 year-old, 15 year-old, 35–44 and 65–74 year age groups, prevalence of dental caries was 19.1, 21.9, 49.0 and 49.2 % respectively, overall 37.4 %. Prevalence of missing teeth was 2.7, 5.2, 47.7 and 79.9 %, overall 35.2 %. Prevalence of filled teeth was 0.2 %, 1.3 %, 8.7 %, 12.7 %, overall 6.5 %. Prevalence of bleeding gums was 13.0, 11.8, 30.8 and 36.1 %, overall 23.5 %. Toothache, dental caries and missing teeth were more common in females than males; 46.5 % vs 37.9 %, 40.5 % vs 32.4 %, 37.7 % vs 30.1 % respectively, all p < 0.05. Prevalence of dental caries and missing teeth in urban areas were as high as in the rural areas; 33.3 % vs 37.4 % and 30.9 % vs 33.7 % respectively, all p > 0.05. The mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) in 12, 15, 35–44, 65–74 year old was 0.67, 0.71, 3.11 and 6.87 respectively. Self- reported brushing of teeth was poor with only 35.2 % of people brushed their teeth twice a day and tobacco smoking was high, particularly among adult males where one in five (22.9 %) was a smoker. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that oral health problems are major public health problems in Malawi. One in five (21 %) adolescents aged 12–15 years and half (49 %) of adults aged 35 years or more had dental caries, half (48 %) and 80 % of the population aged 35–44, 65–74 years had missing teeth respectively. Toothache, dental caries and missing teeth were more prevalent in females than males and prevalence in urban was as high as in rural areas. Oral hygiene was poor with less than 40 % of the population brush their teeth twice a day and tobacco smoking was high, particularly in men where prevalence was 23 %. These findings could be used to develop evidence-informed national policy, action and resource mobilization plan and community based interventions to reduce the prevalence of oral health problems in Malawi. BioMed Central 2016-03-09 /pmc/articles/PMC4784360/ /pubmed/26956884 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-016-0190-3 Text en © Msyamboza et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Msyamboza, Kelias Phiri
Phale, Enock
Namalika, Jessie Mlotha
Mwase, Younam
Samonte, Gian Carlo
Kajirime, Doubt
Sumani, Sewedi
Chalila, Pax D.
Potani, Rennie
Mwale, George Chithope-
Kathyola, Damson
Mukiwa, Weston
Magnitude of dental caries, missing and filled teeth in Malawi: National Oral Health Survey
title Magnitude of dental caries, missing and filled teeth in Malawi: National Oral Health Survey
title_full Magnitude of dental caries, missing and filled teeth in Malawi: National Oral Health Survey
title_fullStr Magnitude of dental caries, missing and filled teeth in Malawi: National Oral Health Survey
title_full_unstemmed Magnitude of dental caries, missing and filled teeth in Malawi: National Oral Health Survey
title_short Magnitude of dental caries, missing and filled teeth in Malawi: National Oral Health Survey
title_sort magnitude of dental caries, missing and filled teeth in malawi: national oral health survey
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4784360/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26956884
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-016-0190-3
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