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Exposure to urban PM1 in rats: development of bronchial inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness

BACKGROUND: Several epidemiological and laboratory studies have evidenced the fact that atmospheric particulate matter (PM) increases the risk of respiratory morbidity. It is well known that the smallest fraction of PM (PM1 - particulate matter having a diameter below 1 μm) penetrates the deepest in...

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Autores principales: Filep, Ágnes, Fodor, Gergely H., Kun-Szabó, Fruzsina, Tiszlavicz, László, Rázga, Zsolt, Bozsó, Gábor, Bozóki, Zoltán, Szabó, Gábor, Peták, Ferenc
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4785744/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26966003
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12931-016-0332-9
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author Filep, Ágnes
Fodor, Gergely H.
Kun-Szabó, Fruzsina
Tiszlavicz, László
Rázga, Zsolt
Bozsó, Gábor
Bozóki, Zoltán
Szabó, Gábor
Peták, Ferenc
author_facet Filep, Ágnes
Fodor, Gergely H.
Kun-Szabó, Fruzsina
Tiszlavicz, László
Rázga, Zsolt
Bozsó, Gábor
Bozóki, Zoltán
Szabó, Gábor
Peták, Ferenc
author_sort Filep, Ágnes
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Several epidemiological and laboratory studies have evidenced the fact that atmospheric particulate matter (PM) increases the risk of respiratory morbidity. It is well known that the smallest fraction of PM (PM1 - particulate matter having a diameter below 1 μm) penetrates the deepest into the airways. The ratio of the different size fractions in PM is highly variable, but in industrial areas PM1 can be significant. Despite these facts, the health effects of PM1 have been poorly investigated and air quality standards are based on PM10 and PM2.5 (PM having diameters below 10 μm and 2.5 μm, respectively) concentrations. Therefore, this study aimed at determining whether exposure to ambient PM1 at a near alert threshold level for PM10 has respiratory consequences in rats. METHODS: Rats were either exposed for 6 weeks to 100 μg/m(3) (alert threshold level for PM10 in Hungary) urban submicron aerosol, or were kept in room air. End-expiratory lung volume, airway resistance (R(aw)) and respiratory tissue mechanics were measured. Respiratory mechanics were measured under baseline conditions and following intravenous methacholine challenges to characterize the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AH). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed and lung histology was performed. RESULTS: No significant differences were detected in lung volume and mechanical parameters at baseline. However, the exposed rats exhibited significantly greater MCh-induced responses in R(aw), demonstrating the progression of AH. The associated bronchial inflammation was evidenced by the accumulation of inflammatory cells in BALF and by lung histology. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that exposure to concentrated ambient PM1 (mass concentration at the threshold level for PM10) leads to the development of mild respiratory symptoms in healthy adult rats, which may suggest a need for the reconsideration of threshold limits for airborne PM1.
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spelling pubmed-47857442016-03-11 Exposure to urban PM1 in rats: development of bronchial inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness Filep, Ágnes Fodor, Gergely H. Kun-Szabó, Fruzsina Tiszlavicz, László Rázga, Zsolt Bozsó, Gábor Bozóki, Zoltán Szabó, Gábor Peták, Ferenc Respir Res Research BACKGROUND: Several epidemiological and laboratory studies have evidenced the fact that atmospheric particulate matter (PM) increases the risk of respiratory morbidity. It is well known that the smallest fraction of PM (PM1 - particulate matter having a diameter below 1 μm) penetrates the deepest into the airways. The ratio of the different size fractions in PM is highly variable, but in industrial areas PM1 can be significant. Despite these facts, the health effects of PM1 have been poorly investigated and air quality standards are based on PM10 and PM2.5 (PM having diameters below 10 μm and 2.5 μm, respectively) concentrations. Therefore, this study aimed at determining whether exposure to ambient PM1 at a near alert threshold level for PM10 has respiratory consequences in rats. METHODS: Rats were either exposed for 6 weeks to 100 μg/m(3) (alert threshold level for PM10 in Hungary) urban submicron aerosol, or were kept in room air. End-expiratory lung volume, airway resistance (R(aw)) and respiratory tissue mechanics were measured. Respiratory mechanics were measured under baseline conditions and following intravenous methacholine challenges to characterize the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AH). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed and lung histology was performed. RESULTS: No significant differences were detected in lung volume and mechanical parameters at baseline. However, the exposed rats exhibited significantly greater MCh-induced responses in R(aw), demonstrating the progression of AH. The associated bronchial inflammation was evidenced by the accumulation of inflammatory cells in BALF and by lung histology. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that exposure to concentrated ambient PM1 (mass concentration at the threshold level for PM10) leads to the development of mild respiratory symptoms in healthy adult rats, which may suggest a need for the reconsideration of threshold limits for airborne PM1. BioMed Central 2016-03-10 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC4785744/ /pubmed/26966003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12931-016-0332-9 Text en © Filep et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Filep, Ágnes
Fodor, Gergely H.
Kun-Szabó, Fruzsina
Tiszlavicz, László
Rázga, Zsolt
Bozsó, Gábor
Bozóki, Zoltán
Szabó, Gábor
Peták, Ferenc
Exposure to urban PM1 in rats: development of bronchial inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness
title Exposure to urban PM1 in rats: development of bronchial inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness
title_full Exposure to urban PM1 in rats: development of bronchial inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness
title_fullStr Exposure to urban PM1 in rats: development of bronchial inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness
title_full_unstemmed Exposure to urban PM1 in rats: development of bronchial inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness
title_short Exposure to urban PM1 in rats: development of bronchial inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness
title_sort exposure to urban pm1 in rats: development of bronchial inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4785744/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26966003
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12931-016-0332-9
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