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Colonization Resistance of the Gut Microbiota against Clostridium difficile

Antibiotics strongly disrupt the human gut microbiota, which in consequence loses its colonization resistance capacity, allowing infection by opportunistic pathogens such as Clostridium difficile. This bacterium is the main cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and a current problem in developed c...

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Autores principales: Pérez-Cobas, Ana Elena, Moya, Andrés, Gosalbes, María José, Latorre, Amparo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4790290/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27025628
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics4030337
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author Pérez-Cobas, Ana Elena
Moya, Andrés
Gosalbes, María José
Latorre, Amparo
author_facet Pérez-Cobas, Ana Elena
Moya, Andrés
Gosalbes, María José
Latorre, Amparo
author_sort Pérez-Cobas, Ana Elena
collection PubMed
description Antibiotics strongly disrupt the human gut microbiota, which in consequence loses its colonization resistance capacity, allowing infection by opportunistic pathogens such as Clostridium difficile. This bacterium is the main cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and a current problem in developed countries, since its incidence and severity have increased during the last years. Furthermore, the emergence of antibiotic resistance strains has reduced the efficiency of the standard treatment with antibiotics, leading to a higher rate of relapses. Here, we review recent efforts focused on the impact of antibiotics in the gut microbiome and their relationship with C. difficile colonization, as well as, in the identification of bacteria and mechanisms involved in the protection against C. difficile infection. Since a healthy gut microbiota is able to avoid pathogen colonization, restoration of the gut microbiota seems to be the most promising approach to face C. difficile infection, especially for recurrent cases. Therefore, it would be possible to design probiotics for patients undergoing antimicrobial therapies in order to prevent or fight the expansion of the pathogen in the gut ecosystem.
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spelling pubmed-47902902016-03-24 Colonization Resistance of the Gut Microbiota against Clostridium difficile Pérez-Cobas, Ana Elena Moya, Andrés Gosalbes, María José Latorre, Amparo Antibiotics (Basel) Review Antibiotics strongly disrupt the human gut microbiota, which in consequence loses its colonization resistance capacity, allowing infection by opportunistic pathogens such as Clostridium difficile. This bacterium is the main cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and a current problem in developed countries, since its incidence and severity have increased during the last years. Furthermore, the emergence of antibiotic resistance strains has reduced the efficiency of the standard treatment with antibiotics, leading to a higher rate of relapses. Here, we review recent efforts focused on the impact of antibiotics in the gut microbiome and their relationship with C. difficile colonization, as well as, in the identification of bacteria and mechanisms involved in the protection against C. difficile infection. Since a healthy gut microbiota is able to avoid pathogen colonization, restoration of the gut microbiota seems to be the most promising approach to face C. difficile infection, especially for recurrent cases. Therefore, it would be possible to design probiotics for patients undergoing antimicrobial therapies in order to prevent or fight the expansion of the pathogen in the gut ecosystem. MDPI 2015-08-07 /pmc/articles/PMC4790290/ /pubmed/27025628 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics4030337 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Pérez-Cobas, Ana Elena
Moya, Andrés
Gosalbes, María José
Latorre, Amparo
Colonization Resistance of the Gut Microbiota against Clostridium difficile
title Colonization Resistance of the Gut Microbiota against Clostridium difficile
title_full Colonization Resistance of the Gut Microbiota against Clostridium difficile
title_fullStr Colonization Resistance of the Gut Microbiota against Clostridium difficile
title_full_unstemmed Colonization Resistance of the Gut Microbiota against Clostridium difficile
title_short Colonization Resistance of the Gut Microbiota against Clostridium difficile
title_sort colonization resistance of the gut microbiota against clostridium difficile
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4790290/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27025628
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics4030337
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