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Downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 under oxidative stress conditions is mediated by β-transduction repeat-containing protein via glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), which is a key determinant of the angiogenecic response, is decreased in diabetic mice under oxidative stress. β-transduction repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) has been reported to participate in VEGFR-2 degradation in thyroid cancer cells. A...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
D.A. Spandidos
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4790698/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26935904 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2493 |
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author | WU, WEN ZHANG, DAIMIN PAN, DAORONG ZUO, GUANGFENG REN, XIAOMIN CHEN, SHAOLIANG |
author_facet | WU, WEN ZHANG, DAIMIN PAN, DAORONG ZUO, GUANGFENG REN, XIAOMIN CHEN, SHAOLIANG |
author_sort | WU, WEN |
collection | PubMed |
description | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), which is a key determinant of the angiogenecic response, is decreased in diabetic mice under oxidative stress. β-transduction repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) has been reported to participate in VEGFR-2 degradation in thyroid cancer cells. Additionally, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) acts as a mediator in the β-TrCP-induced degradation of several proteins. However, the role played by β-TrCP and GSK-3β in the degradation of VEGFR-2 in endothelial cells where hyperglycemia had been induced was not fully understood. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the mechanisms of VEGFR-2 degradation by studying excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by hyperglycemia or glucose oxidase (GO). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with different concentrations of glucose (6.6, 19.8 and 33 mM), mannitol (33 mM) and GO (1 U/ml). Angiogenic function, ROS levels, the co-location of VEGFR-2 and β-TrCP were evaluated. Cells were collected for RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. We noted that angiogenesis was impaired upon increasing the glucose concentration. When HUVECs were in a hyperglycemic state, ROS production increased, comparable to exposure to GO; GO catalyzes oxidation of glucose into H(2)O(2) and D-glucono-δ-lactone. Phosphorylated VEGFR-2 was reduced by hyperglycemia while total VEGFR-2 was almost unaltered. However, VEGFR-2 was reduced when directly exposed to ROS, with resultant co-location of β-TrCP and VEGFR-2. Through a co-immunoprecipitation assay, we noted that ubiquitinated VEGFR-2 was significantly augmented by excess ROS. Decreased VEGFR-2 caused by ROS was ameliorated by β-TrCP siRNA, proteasome inhibitor MG132 and GSK-3β activity inhibitor (lithium chloride and SB216763). We suggest that redundant ROS reduces VEGFR-2 through β-TrCP-mediated VEGFR-2 degradation, which is postulated to be regulated by GSK-3β. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4790698 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | D.A. Spandidos |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47906982016-03-18 Downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 under oxidative stress conditions is mediated by β-transduction repeat-containing protein via glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling WU, WEN ZHANG, DAIMIN PAN, DAORONG ZUO, GUANGFENG REN, XIAOMIN CHEN, SHAOLIANG Int J Mol Med Articles Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), which is a key determinant of the angiogenecic response, is decreased in diabetic mice under oxidative stress. β-transduction repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) has been reported to participate in VEGFR-2 degradation in thyroid cancer cells. Additionally, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) acts as a mediator in the β-TrCP-induced degradation of several proteins. However, the role played by β-TrCP and GSK-3β in the degradation of VEGFR-2 in endothelial cells where hyperglycemia had been induced was not fully understood. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the mechanisms of VEGFR-2 degradation by studying excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by hyperglycemia or glucose oxidase (GO). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with different concentrations of glucose (6.6, 19.8 and 33 mM), mannitol (33 mM) and GO (1 U/ml). Angiogenic function, ROS levels, the co-location of VEGFR-2 and β-TrCP were evaluated. Cells were collected for RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. We noted that angiogenesis was impaired upon increasing the glucose concentration. When HUVECs were in a hyperglycemic state, ROS production increased, comparable to exposure to GO; GO catalyzes oxidation of glucose into H(2)O(2) and D-glucono-δ-lactone. Phosphorylated VEGFR-2 was reduced by hyperglycemia while total VEGFR-2 was almost unaltered. However, VEGFR-2 was reduced when directly exposed to ROS, with resultant co-location of β-TrCP and VEGFR-2. Through a co-immunoprecipitation assay, we noted that ubiquitinated VEGFR-2 was significantly augmented by excess ROS. Decreased VEGFR-2 caused by ROS was ameliorated by β-TrCP siRNA, proteasome inhibitor MG132 and GSK-3β activity inhibitor (lithium chloride and SB216763). We suggest that redundant ROS reduces VEGFR-2 through β-TrCP-mediated VEGFR-2 degradation, which is postulated to be regulated by GSK-3β. D.A. Spandidos 2016-04 2016-02-18 /pmc/articles/PMC4790698/ /pubmed/26935904 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2493 Text en Copyright: © Wu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Articles WU, WEN ZHANG, DAIMIN PAN, DAORONG ZUO, GUANGFENG REN, XIAOMIN CHEN, SHAOLIANG Downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 under oxidative stress conditions is mediated by β-transduction repeat-containing protein via glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling |
title | Downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 under oxidative stress conditions is mediated by β-transduction repeat-containing protein via glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling |
title_full | Downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 under oxidative stress conditions is mediated by β-transduction repeat-containing protein via glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling |
title_fullStr | Downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 under oxidative stress conditions is mediated by β-transduction repeat-containing protein via glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling |
title_full_unstemmed | Downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 under oxidative stress conditions is mediated by β-transduction repeat-containing protein via glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling |
title_short | Downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 under oxidative stress conditions is mediated by β-transduction repeat-containing protein via glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling |
title_sort | downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 under oxidative stress conditions is mediated by β-transduction repeat-containing protein via glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling |
topic | Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4790698/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26935904 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2493 |
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