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Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite

The shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond has been of great scientific and technological interest since the discovery of microscopic diamonds in remnants of explosively driven graphite. Furthermore, shock synthesis of diamond and lonsdaleite, a speculative hexagonal carbon polymorph with...

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Autores principales: Kraus, D., Ravasio, A., Gauthier, M., Gericke, D. O., Vorberger, J., Frydrych, S., Helfrich, J., Fletcher, L. B., Schaumann, G., Nagler, B., Barbrel, B., Bachmann, B., Gamboa, E. J., Göde, S., Granados, E., Gregori, G., Lee, H. J., Neumayer, P., Schumaker, W., Döppner, T., Falcone, R. W., Glenzer, S. H., Roth, M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4793081/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26972122
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10970
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author Kraus, D.
Ravasio, A.
Gauthier, M.
Gericke, D. O.
Vorberger, J.
Frydrych, S.
Helfrich, J.
Fletcher, L. B.
Schaumann, G.
Nagler, B.
Barbrel, B.
Bachmann, B.
Gamboa, E. J.
Göde, S.
Granados, E.
Gregori, G.
Lee, H. J.
Neumayer, P.
Schumaker, W.
Döppner, T.
Falcone, R. W.
Glenzer, S. H.
Roth, M.
author_facet Kraus, D.
Ravasio, A.
Gauthier, M.
Gericke, D. O.
Vorberger, J.
Frydrych, S.
Helfrich, J.
Fletcher, L. B.
Schaumann, G.
Nagler, B.
Barbrel, B.
Bachmann, B.
Gamboa, E. J.
Göde, S.
Granados, E.
Gregori, G.
Lee, H. J.
Neumayer, P.
Schumaker, W.
Döppner, T.
Falcone, R. W.
Glenzer, S. H.
Roth, M.
author_sort Kraus, D.
collection PubMed
description The shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond has been of great scientific and technological interest since the discovery of microscopic diamonds in remnants of explosively driven graphite. Furthermore, shock synthesis of diamond and lonsdaleite, a speculative hexagonal carbon polymorph with unique hardness, is expected to happen during violent meteor impacts. Here, we show unprecedented in situ X-ray diffraction measurements of diamond formation on nanosecond timescales by shock compression of pyrolytic as well as polycrystalline graphite to pressures from 19 GPa up to 228 GPa. While we observe the transition to diamond starting at 50 GPa for both pyrolytic and polycrystalline graphite, we also record the direct formation of lonsdaleite above 170 GPa for pyrolytic samples only. Our experiment provides new insights into the processes of the shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond and uniquely resolves the dynamics that explain the main natural occurrence of the lonsdaleite crystal structure being close to meteor impact sites.
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spelling pubmed-47930812016-03-21 Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite Kraus, D. Ravasio, A. Gauthier, M. Gericke, D. O. Vorberger, J. Frydrych, S. Helfrich, J. Fletcher, L. B. Schaumann, G. Nagler, B. Barbrel, B. Bachmann, B. Gamboa, E. J. Göde, S. Granados, E. Gregori, G. Lee, H. J. Neumayer, P. Schumaker, W. Döppner, T. Falcone, R. W. Glenzer, S. H. Roth, M. Nat Commun Article The shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond has been of great scientific and technological interest since the discovery of microscopic diamonds in remnants of explosively driven graphite. Furthermore, shock synthesis of diamond and lonsdaleite, a speculative hexagonal carbon polymorph with unique hardness, is expected to happen during violent meteor impacts. Here, we show unprecedented in situ X-ray diffraction measurements of diamond formation on nanosecond timescales by shock compression of pyrolytic as well as polycrystalline graphite to pressures from 19 GPa up to 228 GPa. While we observe the transition to diamond starting at 50 GPa for both pyrolytic and polycrystalline graphite, we also record the direct formation of lonsdaleite above 170 GPa for pyrolytic samples only. Our experiment provides new insights into the processes of the shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond and uniquely resolves the dynamics that explain the main natural occurrence of the lonsdaleite crystal structure being close to meteor impact sites. Nature Publishing Group 2016-03-14 /pmc/articles/PMC4793081/ /pubmed/26972122 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10970 Text en Copyright © 2016, Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
spellingShingle Article
Kraus, D.
Ravasio, A.
Gauthier, M.
Gericke, D. O.
Vorberger, J.
Frydrych, S.
Helfrich, J.
Fletcher, L. B.
Schaumann, G.
Nagler, B.
Barbrel, B.
Bachmann, B.
Gamboa, E. J.
Göde, S.
Granados, E.
Gregori, G.
Lee, H. J.
Neumayer, P.
Schumaker, W.
Döppner, T.
Falcone, R. W.
Glenzer, S. H.
Roth, M.
Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite
title Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite
title_full Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite
title_fullStr Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite
title_full_unstemmed Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite
title_short Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite
title_sort nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4793081/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26972122
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10970
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