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Risk Factors for Addiction and Their Association with Model-Based Behavioral Control

Addiction shows familial aggregation and previous endophenotype research suggests that healthy relatives of addicted individuals share altered behavioral and cognitive characteristics with individuals suffering from addiction. In this study we asked whether impairments in behavioral control proposed...

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Autores principales: Reiter, Andrea M. F., Deserno, Lorenz, Wilbertz, Tilmann, Heinze, Hans-Jochen, Schlagenhauf, Florian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4794491/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013998
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00026
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author Reiter, Andrea M. F.
Deserno, Lorenz
Wilbertz, Tilmann
Heinze, Hans-Jochen
Schlagenhauf, Florian
author_facet Reiter, Andrea M. F.
Deserno, Lorenz
Wilbertz, Tilmann
Heinze, Hans-Jochen
Schlagenhauf, Florian
author_sort Reiter, Andrea M. F.
collection PubMed
description Addiction shows familial aggregation and previous endophenotype research suggests that healthy relatives of addicted individuals share altered behavioral and cognitive characteristics with individuals suffering from addiction. In this study we asked whether impairments in behavioral control proposed for addiction, namely a shift from goal-directed, model-based toward habitual, model-free control, extends toward an unaffected sample (n = 20) of adult children of alcohol-dependent fathers as compared to a sample without any personal or family history of alcohol addiction (n = 17). Using a sequential decision-making task designed to investigate model-free and model-based control combined with a computational modeling analysis, we did not find any evidence for altered behavioral control in individuals with a positive family history of alcohol addiction. Independent of family history of alcohol dependence, we however observed that the interaction of two different risk factors of addiction, namely impulsivity and cognitive capacities, predicts the balance of model-free and model-based behavioral control. Post-hoc tests showed a positive association of model-based behavior with cognitive capacity in the lower, but not in the higher impulsive group of the original sample. In an independent sample of particularly high- vs. low-impulsive individuals, we confirmed the interaction effect of cognitive capacities and high vs. low impulsivity on model-based control. In the confirmation sample, a positive association of omega with cognitive capacity was observed in highly impulsive individuals, but not in low impulsive individuals. Due to the moderate sample size of the study, further investigation of the association of risk factors for addiction with model-based behavior in larger sample sizes is warranted.
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spelling pubmed-47944912016-03-24 Risk Factors for Addiction and Their Association with Model-Based Behavioral Control Reiter, Andrea M. F. Deserno, Lorenz Wilbertz, Tilmann Heinze, Hans-Jochen Schlagenhauf, Florian Front Behav Neurosci Neuroscience Addiction shows familial aggregation and previous endophenotype research suggests that healthy relatives of addicted individuals share altered behavioral and cognitive characteristics with individuals suffering from addiction. In this study we asked whether impairments in behavioral control proposed for addiction, namely a shift from goal-directed, model-based toward habitual, model-free control, extends toward an unaffected sample (n = 20) of adult children of alcohol-dependent fathers as compared to a sample without any personal or family history of alcohol addiction (n = 17). Using a sequential decision-making task designed to investigate model-free and model-based control combined with a computational modeling analysis, we did not find any evidence for altered behavioral control in individuals with a positive family history of alcohol addiction. Independent of family history of alcohol dependence, we however observed that the interaction of two different risk factors of addiction, namely impulsivity and cognitive capacities, predicts the balance of model-free and model-based behavioral control. Post-hoc tests showed a positive association of model-based behavior with cognitive capacity in the lower, but not in the higher impulsive group of the original sample. In an independent sample of particularly high- vs. low-impulsive individuals, we confirmed the interaction effect of cognitive capacities and high vs. low impulsivity on model-based control. In the confirmation sample, a positive association of omega with cognitive capacity was observed in highly impulsive individuals, but not in low impulsive individuals. Due to the moderate sample size of the study, further investigation of the association of risk factors for addiction with model-based behavior in larger sample sizes is warranted. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-03-17 /pmc/articles/PMC4794491/ /pubmed/27013998 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00026 Text en Copyright © 2016 Reiter, Deserno, Wilbertz, Heinze and Schlagenhauf. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Reiter, Andrea M. F.
Deserno, Lorenz
Wilbertz, Tilmann
Heinze, Hans-Jochen
Schlagenhauf, Florian
Risk Factors for Addiction and Their Association with Model-Based Behavioral Control
title Risk Factors for Addiction and Their Association with Model-Based Behavioral Control
title_full Risk Factors for Addiction and Their Association with Model-Based Behavioral Control
title_fullStr Risk Factors for Addiction and Their Association with Model-Based Behavioral Control
title_full_unstemmed Risk Factors for Addiction and Their Association with Model-Based Behavioral Control
title_short Risk Factors for Addiction and Their Association with Model-Based Behavioral Control
title_sort risk factors for addiction and their association with model-based behavioral control
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4794491/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013998
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00026
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