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Shifts in taxonomic and functional microbial diversity with agriculture: How fragile is the Brazilian Cerrado?
BACKGROUND: The Cerrado—an edaphic type of savannah— comprises the second largest biome of the Brazilian territory and is the main area for grain production in the country, but information about the impact of land conversion to agriculture on microbial diversity is still scarce. We used a shotgun me...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4794851/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26983403 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-016-0657-z |
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author | Souza, Renata Carolini Mendes, Iêda Carvalho Reis-Junior, Fábio Bueno Carvalho, Fabíola Marques Nogueira, Marco Antonio Vasconcelos, Ana Tereza Ribeiro Vicente, Vânia Aparecida Hungria, Mariangela |
author_facet | Souza, Renata Carolini Mendes, Iêda Carvalho Reis-Junior, Fábio Bueno Carvalho, Fabíola Marques Nogueira, Marco Antonio Vasconcelos, Ana Tereza Ribeiro Vicente, Vânia Aparecida Hungria, Mariangela |
author_sort | Souza, Renata Carolini |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The Cerrado—an edaphic type of savannah— comprises the second largest biome of the Brazilian territory and is the main area for grain production in the country, but information about the impact of land conversion to agriculture on microbial diversity is still scarce. We used a shotgun metagenomic approach to compare undisturbed (native) soil and soils cropped for 23 years with soybean/maize under conservation tillage—“no-till” (NT)—and conventional tillage (CT) systems in the Cerrado biome. RESULTS: Soil management and fertilizer inputs with the introduction of agriculture improved chemical properties, but decreased soil macroporosity and microbial biomass of carbon and nitrogen. Principal coordinates analyses confirmed different taxonomic and functional profiles for each treatment. There was predominance of the Bacteria domain, especially the phylum Proteobacteria, with higher numbers of sequences in the NT and CT treatments; Archaea and Viruses also had lower numbers of sequences in the undisturbed soil. Within the Alphaproteobacteria, there was dominance of Rhizobiales and of the genus Bradyrhizobium in the NT and CT systems, attributed to massive inoculation of soybean, and also of Burkholderiales. In contrast, Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas and Acidobacterium predominated in the native Cerrado. More Eukaryota, especially of the phylum Ascomycota were detected in the NT. The functional analysis revealed lower numbers of sequences in the five dominant categories for the CT system, whereas the undisturbed Cerrado presented higher abundance. CONCLUSION: High impact of agriculture in taxonomic and functional microbial diversity in the biome Cerrado was confirmed. Functional diversity was not necessarily associated with taxonomic diversity, as the less conservationist treatment (CT) presented increased taxonomic sequences and reduced functional profiles, indicating a strategy to try to maintain soil functioning by favoring taxa that are probably not the most efficient for some functions. Our results highlight that underneath the rustic appearance of the Cerrado vegetation there is a fragile soil microbial community. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0657-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4794851 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47948512016-03-17 Shifts in taxonomic and functional microbial diversity with agriculture: How fragile is the Brazilian Cerrado? Souza, Renata Carolini Mendes, Iêda Carvalho Reis-Junior, Fábio Bueno Carvalho, Fabíola Marques Nogueira, Marco Antonio Vasconcelos, Ana Tereza Ribeiro Vicente, Vânia Aparecida Hungria, Mariangela BMC Microbiol Research Article BACKGROUND: The Cerrado—an edaphic type of savannah— comprises the second largest biome of the Brazilian territory and is the main area for grain production in the country, but information about the impact of land conversion to agriculture on microbial diversity is still scarce. We used a shotgun metagenomic approach to compare undisturbed (native) soil and soils cropped for 23 years with soybean/maize under conservation tillage—“no-till” (NT)—and conventional tillage (CT) systems in the Cerrado biome. RESULTS: Soil management and fertilizer inputs with the introduction of agriculture improved chemical properties, but decreased soil macroporosity and microbial biomass of carbon and nitrogen. Principal coordinates analyses confirmed different taxonomic and functional profiles for each treatment. There was predominance of the Bacteria domain, especially the phylum Proteobacteria, with higher numbers of sequences in the NT and CT treatments; Archaea and Viruses also had lower numbers of sequences in the undisturbed soil. Within the Alphaproteobacteria, there was dominance of Rhizobiales and of the genus Bradyrhizobium in the NT and CT systems, attributed to massive inoculation of soybean, and also of Burkholderiales. In contrast, Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas and Acidobacterium predominated in the native Cerrado. More Eukaryota, especially of the phylum Ascomycota were detected in the NT. The functional analysis revealed lower numbers of sequences in the five dominant categories for the CT system, whereas the undisturbed Cerrado presented higher abundance. CONCLUSION: High impact of agriculture in taxonomic and functional microbial diversity in the biome Cerrado was confirmed. Functional diversity was not necessarily associated with taxonomic diversity, as the less conservationist treatment (CT) presented increased taxonomic sequences and reduced functional profiles, indicating a strategy to try to maintain soil functioning by favoring taxa that are probably not the most efficient for some functions. Our results highlight that underneath the rustic appearance of the Cerrado vegetation there is a fragile soil microbial community. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0657-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2016-03-16 /pmc/articles/PMC4794851/ /pubmed/26983403 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-016-0657-z Text en © Souza et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Souza, Renata Carolini Mendes, Iêda Carvalho Reis-Junior, Fábio Bueno Carvalho, Fabíola Marques Nogueira, Marco Antonio Vasconcelos, Ana Tereza Ribeiro Vicente, Vânia Aparecida Hungria, Mariangela Shifts in taxonomic and functional microbial diversity with agriculture: How fragile is the Brazilian Cerrado? |
title | Shifts in taxonomic and functional microbial diversity with agriculture: How fragile is the Brazilian Cerrado? |
title_full | Shifts in taxonomic and functional microbial diversity with agriculture: How fragile is the Brazilian Cerrado? |
title_fullStr | Shifts in taxonomic and functional microbial diversity with agriculture: How fragile is the Brazilian Cerrado? |
title_full_unstemmed | Shifts in taxonomic and functional microbial diversity with agriculture: How fragile is the Brazilian Cerrado? |
title_short | Shifts in taxonomic and functional microbial diversity with agriculture: How fragile is the Brazilian Cerrado? |
title_sort | shifts in taxonomic and functional microbial diversity with agriculture: how fragile is the brazilian cerrado? |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4794851/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26983403 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-016-0657-z |
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