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Holothurian Nervous System Diversity Revealed by Neuroanatomical Analysis

The Echinodermata comprise an interesting branch in the phylogenetic tree of deuterostomes. Their radial symmetry which is reflected in their nervous system anatomy makes them a target of interest in the study of nervous system evolution. Until recently, the study of the echinoderm nervous system ha...

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Autores principales: Díaz-Balzac, Carlos A., Lázaro-Peña, María I., Vázquez-Figueroa, Lionel D., Díaz-Balzac, Roberto J., García-Arrarás, José E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4795612/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26987052
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151129
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author Díaz-Balzac, Carlos A.
Lázaro-Peña, María I.
Vázquez-Figueroa, Lionel D.
Díaz-Balzac, Roberto J.
García-Arrarás, José E.
author_facet Díaz-Balzac, Carlos A.
Lázaro-Peña, María I.
Vázquez-Figueroa, Lionel D.
Díaz-Balzac, Roberto J.
García-Arrarás, José E.
author_sort Díaz-Balzac, Carlos A.
collection PubMed
description The Echinodermata comprise an interesting branch in the phylogenetic tree of deuterostomes. Their radial symmetry which is reflected in their nervous system anatomy makes them a target of interest in the study of nervous system evolution. Until recently, the study of the echinoderm nervous system has been hindered by a shortage of neuronal markers. However, in recent years several markers of neuronal and fiber subpopulations have been described. These have been used to identify subpopulations of neurons and fibers, but an integrative study of the anatomical relationship of these subpopulations is wanting. We have now used eight commercial antibodies, together with three antibodies produced by our group to provide a comprehensive and integrated description and new details of the echinoderm neuroanatomy using the holothurian Holothuria glaberrima (Selenka, 1867) as our model system. Immunoreactivity of the markers used showed: (1) specific labeling patterns by markers in the radial nerve cords, which suggest the presence of specific nerve tracts in holothurians. (2) Nerves directly innervate most muscle fibers in the longitudinal muscles. (3) Similar to other deuterostomes (mainly vertebrates), their enteric nervous system is composed of a large and diverse repertoire of neurons and fiber phenotypes. Our results provide a first blueprint of the anatomical organization of cells and fibers that form the holothurian neural circuitry, and highlight the fact that the echinoderm nervous system shows unexpected diversity in cell and fiber types and their distribution in both central and peripheral nervous components.
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spelling pubmed-47956122016-03-23 Holothurian Nervous System Diversity Revealed by Neuroanatomical Analysis Díaz-Balzac, Carlos A. Lázaro-Peña, María I. Vázquez-Figueroa, Lionel D. Díaz-Balzac, Roberto J. García-Arrarás, José E. PLoS One Research Article The Echinodermata comprise an interesting branch in the phylogenetic tree of deuterostomes. Their radial symmetry which is reflected in their nervous system anatomy makes them a target of interest in the study of nervous system evolution. Until recently, the study of the echinoderm nervous system has been hindered by a shortage of neuronal markers. However, in recent years several markers of neuronal and fiber subpopulations have been described. These have been used to identify subpopulations of neurons and fibers, but an integrative study of the anatomical relationship of these subpopulations is wanting. We have now used eight commercial antibodies, together with three antibodies produced by our group to provide a comprehensive and integrated description and new details of the echinoderm neuroanatomy using the holothurian Holothuria glaberrima (Selenka, 1867) as our model system. Immunoreactivity of the markers used showed: (1) specific labeling patterns by markers in the radial nerve cords, which suggest the presence of specific nerve tracts in holothurians. (2) Nerves directly innervate most muscle fibers in the longitudinal muscles. (3) Similar to other deuterostomes (mainly vertebrates), their enteric nervous system is composed of a large and diverse repertoire of neurons and fiber phenotypes. Our results provide a first blueprint of the anatomical organization of cells and fibers that form the holothurian neural circuitry, and highlight the fact that the echinoderm nervous system shows unexpected diversity in cell and fiber types and their distribution in both central and peripheral nervous components. Public Library of Science 2016-03-17 /pmc/articles/PMC4795612/ /pubmed/26987052 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151129 Text en © 2016 Díaz-Balzac et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Díaz-Balzac, Carlos A.
Lázaro-Peña, María I.
Vázquez-Figueroa, Lionel D.
Díaz-Balzac, Roberto J.
García-Arrarás, José E.
Holothurian Nervous System Diversity Revealed by Neuroanatomical Analysis
title Holothurian Nervous System Diversity Revealed by Neuroanatomical Analysis
title_full Holothurian Nervous System Diversity Revealed by Neuroanatomical Analysis
title_fullStr Holothurian Nervous System Diversity Revealed by Neuroanatomical Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Holothurian Nervous System Diversity Revealed by Neuroanatomical Analysis
title_short Holothurian Nervous System Diversity Revealed by Neuroanatomical Analysis
title_sort holothurian nervous system diversity revealed by neuroanatomical analysis
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4795612/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26987052
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151129
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