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Triclosan Demonstrates Synergic Effect with Amphotericin B and Fluconazole and Induces Apoptosis-Like Cell Death in Cryptococcus neoformans

Objectives: Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungus that causes fatal meningoencephalitis especially in AIDS patients. There is an increasing need for discovery of new anti-cryptococcal drugs due to emergence of resistance cases in recent years. In this study, we aim to elucidate the anti...

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Autores principales: Movahed, Elaheh, Tan, Grace Min Yi, Munusamy, Komathy, Yeow, Tee Cian, Tay, Sun Tee, Wong, Won Fen, Looi, Chung Yeng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4800180/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27047474
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00360
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author Movahed, Elaheh
Tan, Grace Min Yi
Munusamy, Komathy
Yeow, Tee Cian
Tay, Sun Tee
Wong, Won Fen
Looi, Chung Yeng
author_facet Movahed, Elaheh
Tan, Grace Min Yi
Munusamy, Komathy
Yeow, Tee Cian
Tay, Sun Tee
Wong, Won Fen
Looi, Chung Yeng
author_sort Movahed, Elaheh
collection PubMed
description Objectives: Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungus that causes fatal meningoencephalitis especially in AIDS patients. There is an increasing need for discovery of new anti-cryptococcal drugs due to emergence of resistance cases in recent years. In this study, we aim to elucidate the antifungal effect of triclosan against C. neoformans. Methods: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of triclosan in different C. neoformans strains was first examined. The in vitro interactions between triclosan and two standard anti-fungal drugs (amphotericin B and fluconazole) were further evaluated by microdilution checkerboard assay. Mechanism of triclosan fungicidal activity was then investigated by viewing the cell morphology under transmission electron microscope. Results: We reported that triclosan potently inhibited the growth of C. neoformans. A combination of triclosan with amphotericin B or with fluconazole enhanced their fungicidal effects. Triclosan-treated C. neoformans displayed characteristics such as nuclear chromatin condensation, extensive intracellular vacuolation and mitochondrial swelling, indicating that triclosan triggered apoptosis-like cell death. Conclusion: In summary, our report suggests triclosan as an independent drug or synergent for C. neoformans treatment.
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spelling pubmed-48001802016-04-04 Triclosan Demonstrates Synergic Effect with Amphotericin B and Fluconazole and Induces Apoptosis-Like Cell Death in Cryptococcus neoformans Movahed, Elaheh Tan, Grace Min Yi Munusamy, Komathy Yeow, Tee Cian Tay, Sun Tee Wong, Won Fen Looi, Chung Yeng Front Microbiol Microbiology Objectives: Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungus that causes fatal meningoencephalitis especially in AIDS patients. There is an increasing need for discovery of new anti-cryptococcal drugs due to emergence of resistance cases in recent years. In this study, we aim to elucidate the antifungal effect of triclosan against C. neoformans. Methods: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of triclosan in different C. neoformans strains was first examined. The in vitro interactions between triclosan and two standard anti-fungal drugs (amphotericin B and fluconazole) were further evaluated by microdilution checkerboard assay. Mechanism of triclosan fungicidal activity was then investigated by viewing the cell morphology under transmission electron microscope. Results: We reported that triclosan potently inhibited the growth of C. neoformans. A combination of triclosan with amphotericin B or with fluconazole enhanced their fungicidal effects. Triclosan-treated C. neoformans displayed characteristics such as nuclear chromatin condensation, extensive intracellular vacuolation and mitochondrial swelling, indicating that triclosan triggered apoptosis-like cell death. Conclusion: In summary, our report suggests triclosan as an independent drug or synergent for C. neoformans treatment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-03-21 /pmc/articles/PMC4800180/ /pubmed/27047474 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00360 Text en Copyright © 2016 Movahed, Tan, Munusamy, Yeow, Tay, Wong and Looi. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Movahed, Elaheh
Tan, Grace Min Yi
Munusamy, Komathy
Yeow, Tee Cian
Tay, Sun Tee
Wong, Won Fen
Looi, Chung Yeng
Triclosan Demonstrates Synergic Effect with Amphotericin B and Fluconazole and Induces Apoptosis-Like Cell Death in Cryptococcus neoformans
title Triclosan Demonstrates Synergic Effect with Amphotericin B and Fluconazole and Induces Apoptosis-Like Cell Death in Cryptococcus neoformans
title_full Triclosan Demonstrates Synergic Effect with Amphotericin B and Fluconazole and Induces Apoptosis-Like Cell Death in Cryptococcus neoformans
title_fullStr Triclosan Demonstrates Synergic Effect with Amphotericin B and Fluconazole and Induces Apoptosis-Like Cell Death in Cryptococcus neoformans
title_full_unstemmed Triclosan Demonstrates Synergic Effect with Amphotericin B and Fluconazole and Induces Apoptosis-Like Cell Death in Cryptococcus neoformans
title_short Triclosan Demonstrates Synergic Effect with Amphotericin B and Fluconazole and Induces Apoptosis-Like Cell Death in Cryptococcus neoformans
title_sort triclosan demonstrates synergic effect with amphotericin b and fluconazole and induces apoptosis-like cell death in cryptococcus neoformans
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4800180/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27047474
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00360
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