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Childhood overweight in Berlin: intra-urban differences and underlying influencing factors

BACKGROUND: In recent years, childhood overweight and obesity have become an increasing and challenging phenomenon in Western cities. A lot of studies have focused on the analysis of factors such as individual dispositions and nutrition balances, among others. However, little is known about the intr...

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Autores principales: Lakes, Tobia, Burkart, Katrin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4802651/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27001085
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12942-016-0041-0
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author Lakes, Tobia
Burkart, Katrin
author_facet Lakes, Tobia
Burkart, Katrin
author_sort Lakes, Tobia
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: In recent years, childhood overweight and obesity have become an increasing and challenging phenomenon in Western cities. A lot of studies have focused on the analysis of factors such as individual dispositions and nutrition balances, among others. However, little is known about the intra-urban spatial patterns of childhood overweight and its associations with influencing factors that stretch from an individual to a neighbourhood level. The aim of this paper is to analyse the spatial patterns of childhood obesity in Berlin, and also to explore and test for associations with a complex set of risk factors at the individual, household and neighbourhood levels. METHODS: We use data from a survey of 5–6 year-olds that includes health status, height, and weight, as well as several socioeconomic and other risk variables. In addition, we use a set of neighbourhood variables, such as distance, and density measures of parks or fast food restaurants. Our outcome variable is the percentage of children of 5–6 years who were reported overweight or obese in 2012. The aggregated data is available for 60 areas in Berlin. We first analyse the outcome and risk factor data descriptively, and subsequently apply a set of regression analyses to test for associations between reported overweight and obesity, and also individual, household and neighbourhood characteristics. RESULTS: Our analysis returned a distinct spatial distribution of childhood overweight in Berlin with highest shares in the city centre. Moreover, we were able to identify significant effects regarding the social index, and the percentage of non-German children being obese or overweight; additionally, we identified fast food restaurant density as a possible influencing factor. For the other variables, including the neighbourhood variables, we could not identify a significant association on this aggregated level of analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm the results of earlier studies, in which the social status and percentage of non-German children is very important in terms of the association with childhood overweight and obesity. Unlike many studies conducted in North America, this study did not reveal an influence of neighbourhood variables. We argue that European urban structures differ from North American structures and highlight the need for a more detailed analysis of the association between the neighbourhood environment and the physical activity of children in urban setting. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12942-016-0041-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-48026512016-03-22 Childhood overweight in Berlin: intra-urban differences and underlying influencing factors Lakes, Tobia Burkart, Katrin Int J Health Geogr Research BACKGROUND: In recent years, childhood overweight and obesity have become an increasing and challenging phenomenon in Western cities. A lot of studies have focused on the analysis of factors such as individual dispositions and nutrition balances, among others. However, little is known about the intra-urban spatial patterns of childhood overweight and its associations with influencing factors that stretch from an individual to a neighbourhood level. The aim of this paper is to analyse the spatial patterns of childhood obesity in Berlin, and also to explore and test for associations with a complex set of risk factors at the individual, household and neighbourhood levels. METHODS: We use data from a survey of 5–6 year-olds that includes health status, height, and weight, as well as several socioeconomic and other risk variables. In addition, we use a set of neighbourhood variables, such as distance, and density measures of parks or fast food restaurants. Our outcome variable is the percentage of children of 5–6 years who were reported overweight or obese in 2012. The aggregated data is available for 60 areas in Berlin. We first analyse the outcome and risk factor data descriptively, and subsequently apply a set of regression analyses to test for associations between reported overweight and obesity, and also individual, household and neighbourhood characteristics. RESULTS: Our analysis returned a distinct spatial distribution of childhood overweight in Berlin with highest shares in the city centre. Moreover, we were able to identify significant effects regarding the social index, and the percentage of non-German children being obese or overweight; additionally, we identified fast food restaurant density as a possible influencing factor. For the other variables, including the neighbourhood variables, we could not identify a significant association on this aggregated level of analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm the results of earlier studies, in which the social status and percentage of non-German children is very important in terms of the association with childhood overweight and obesity. Unlike many studies conducted in North America, this study did not reveal an influence of neighbourhood variables. We argue that European urban structures differ from North American structures and highlight the need for a more detailed analysis of the association between the neighbourhood environment and the physical activity of children in urban setting. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12942-016-0041-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2016-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4802651/ /pubmed/27001085 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12942-016-0041-0 Text en © Lakes and Burkart. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Lakes, Tobia
Burkart, Katrin
Childhood overweight in Berlin: intra-urban differences and underlying influencing factors
title Childhood overweight in Berlin: intra-urban differences and underlying influencing factors
title_full Childhood overweight in Berlin: intra-urban differences and underlying influencing factors
title_fullStr Childhood overweight in Berlin: intra-urban differences and underlying influencing factors
title_full_unstemmed Childhood overweight in Berlin: intra-urban differences and underlying influencing factors
title_short Childhood overweight in Berlin: intra-urban differences and underlying influencing factors
title_sort childhood overweight in berlin: intra-urban differences and underlying influencing factors
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4802651/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27001085
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12942-016-0041-0
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