Cargando…

The impact of migration on tuberculosis epidemiology and control in high-income countries: a review

Tuberculosis (TB) causes significant morbidity and mortality in high-income countries with foreign-born individuals bearing a disproportionate burden of the overall TB case burden in these countries. In this review of tuberculosis and migration we discuss the impact of migration on the epidemiology...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Pareek, Manish, Greenaway, Christina, Noori, Teymur, Munoz, Jose, Zenner, Dominik
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4804514/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27004556
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-016-0595-5
_version_ 1782423034278182912
author Pareek, Manish
Greenaway, Christina
Noori, Teymur
Munoz, Jose
Zenner, Dominik
author_facet Pareek, Manish
Greenaway, Christina
Noori, Teymur
Munoz, Jose
Zenner, Dominik
author_sort Pareek, Manish
collection PubMed
description Tuberculosis (TB) causes significant morbidity and mortality in high-income countries with foreign-born individuals bearing a disproportionate burden of the overall TB case burden in these countries. In this review of tuberculosis and migration we discuss the impact of migration on the epidemiology of TB in low burden countries, describe the various screening strategies to address this issue, review the yield and cost-effectiveness of these programs and describe the gaps in knowledge as well as possible future solutions. The reasons for the TB burden in the migrant population are likely to be the reactivation of remotely-acquired latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) following migration from low/intermediate-income high TB burden settings to high-income, low TB burden countries. TB control in high-income countries has historically focused on the early identification and treatment of active TB with accompanying contact-tracing. In the face of the TB case-load in migrant populations, however, there is ongoing discussion about how best to identify TB in migrant populations. In general, countries have generally focused on two methods: identification of active TB (either at/post-arrival or increasingly pre-arrival in countries of origin) and secondly, conditionally supported by WHO guidance, through identifying LTBI in migrants from high TB burden countries. Although health-economic analyses have shown that TB control in high income settings would benefit from providing targeted LTBI screening and treatment to certain migrants from high TB burden countries, implementation issues and barriers such as sub-optimal treatment completion will need to be addressed to ensure program efficacy.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4804514
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2016
publisher BioMed Central
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-48045142016-03-23 The impact of migration on tuberculosis epidemiology and control in high-income countries: a review Pareek, Manish Greenaway, Christina Noori, Teymur Munoz, Jose Zenner, Dominik BMC Med Review Tuberculosis (TB) causes significant morbidity and mortality in high-income countries with foreign-born individuals bearing a disproportionate burden of the overall TB case burden in these countries. In this review of tuberculosis and migration we discuss the impact of migration on the epidemiology of TB in low burden countries, describe the various screening strategies to address this issue, review the yield and cost-effectiveness of these programs and describe the gaps in knowledge as well as possible future solutions. The reasons for the TB burden in the migrant population are likely to be the reactivation of remotely-acquired latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) following migration from low/intermediate-income high TB burden settings to high-income, low TB burden countries. TB control in high-income countries has historically focused on the early identification and treatment of active TB with accompanying contact-tracing. In the face of the TB case-load in migrant populations, however, there is ongoing discussion about how best to identify TB in migrant populations. In general, countries have generally focused on two methods: identification of active TB (either at/post-arrival or increasingly pre-arrival in countries of origin) and secondly, conditionally supported by WHO guidance, through identifying LTBI in migrants from high TB burden countries. Although health-economic analyses have shown that TB control in high income settings would benefit from providing targeted LTBI screening and treatment to certain migrants from high TB burden countries, implementation issues and barriers such as sub-optimal treatment completion will need to be addressed to ensure program efficacy. BioMed Central 2016-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC4804514/ /pubmed/27004556 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-016-0595-5 Text en © Pareek et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Review
Pareek, Manish
Greenaway, Christina
Noori, Teymur
Munoz, Jose
Zenner, Dominik
The impact of migration on tuberculosis epidemiology and control in high-income countries: a review
title The impact of migration on tuberculosis epidemiology and control in high-income countries: a review
title_full The impact of migration on tuberculosis epidemiology and control in high-income countries: a review
title_fullStr The impact of migration on tuberculosis epidemiology and control in high-income countries: a review
title_full_unstemmed The impact of migration on tuberculosis epidemiology and control in high-income countries: a review
title_short The impact of migration on tuberculosis epidemiology and control in high-income countries: a review
title_sort impact of migration on tuberculosis epidemiology and control in high-income countries: a review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4804514/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27004556
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-016-0595-5
work_keys_str_mv AT pareekmanish theimpactofmigrationontuberculosisepidemiologyandcontrolinhighincomecountriesareview
AT greenawaychristina theimpactofmigrationontuberculosisepidemiologyandcontrolinhighincomecountriesareview
AT nooriteymur theimpactofmigrationontuberculosisepidemiologyandcontrolinhighincomecountriesareview
AT munozjose theimpactofmigrationontuberculosisepidemiologyandcontrolinhighincomecountriesareview
AT zennerdominik theimpactofmigrationontuberculosisepidemiologyandcontrolinhighincomecountriesareview
AT pareekmanish impactofmigrationontuberculosisepidemiologyandcontrolinhighincomecountriesareview
AT greenawaychristina impactofmigrationontuberculosisepidemiologyandcontrolinhighincomecountriesareview
AT nooriteymur impactofmigrationontuberculosisepidemiologyandcontrolinhighincomecountriesareview
AT munozjose impactofmigrationontuberculosisepidemiologyandcontrolinhighincomecountriesareview
AT zennerdominik impactofmigrationontuberculosisepidemiologyandcontrolinhighincomecountriesareview