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One step closer to understanding the role of bacteria in diabetic foot ulcers: characterising the microbiome of ulcers
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to characterise the microbiome of new and recurrent diabetic foot ulcers using 16S amplicon sequencing (16S AS), allowing the identification of a wider range of bacterial species that may be important in the development of chronicity in these debilitating wounds...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4804642/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27005417 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-016-0665-z |
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author | Smith, Karen Collier, Andrew Townsend, Eleanor M. O’Donnell, Lindsay E. Bal, Abhijit M. Butcher, John Mackay, William G. Ramage, Gordon Williams, Craig |
author_facet | Smith, Karen Collier, Andrew Townsend, Eleanor M. O’Donnell, Lindsay E. Bal, Abhijit M. Butcher, John Mackay, William G. Ramage, Gordon Williams, Craig |
author_sort | Smith, Karen |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to characterise the microbiome of new and recurrent diabetic foot ulcers using 16S amplicon sequencing (16S AS), allowing the identification of a wider range of bacterial species that may be important in the development of chronicity in these debilitating wounds. Twenty patients not receiving antibiotics for the past three months were selected, with swabs taken from each individual for culture and 16S AS. DNA was isolated using a combination of bead beating and kit extraction. Samples were sequenced on the Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform. RESULTS: Conventional laboratory culture showed positive growth from only 55 % of the patients, whereas 16S AS was positive for 75 % of the patients (41 unique genera, representing 82 different operational taxonomic units (OTU’s). S. aureus was isolated in 72 % of culture-positive samples, whereas the most commonly detected bacteria in all ulcers were Peptoniphilus spp., Anaerococcus spp. and Corynebacterium spp., with the addition of Staphylococcus spp. in new ulcers. The majority of OTU’s residing in both new and recurrent ulcers (over 67 %) were identified as facultative or strict anaerobic Gram-positive organisms. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed no difference in clustering between the two groups (new and recurrent ulcers). CONCLUSIONS: The abundance of anaerobic bacteria has important implications for treatment as it suggests that the microbiome of each ulcer “starts afresh” and that, although diverse, are not distinctly different from one another with respect to new or recurrent ulcers. Therefore, when considering antibiotic therapy the duration of current ulceration may be a more important consideration than a history of healed ulcer. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4804642 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48046422016-03-24 One step closer to understanding the role of bacteria in diabetic foot ulcers: characterising the microbiome of ulcers Smith, Karen Collier, Andrew Townsend, Eleanor M. O’Donnell, Lindsay E. Bal, Abhijit M. Butcher, John Mackay, William G. Ramage, Gordon Williams, Craig BMC Microbiol Research Article BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to characterise the microbiome of new and recurrent diabetic foot ulcers using 16S amplicon sequencing (16S AS), allowing the identification of a wider range of bacterial species that may be important in the development of chronicity in these debilitating wounds. Twenty patients not receiving antibiotics for the past three months were selected, with swabs taken from each individual for culture and 16S AS. DNA was isolated using a combination of bead beating and kit extraction. Samples were sequenced on the Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform. RESULTS: Conventional laboratory culture showed positive growth from only 55 % of the patients, whereas 16S AS was positive for 75 % of the patients (41 unique genera, representing 82 different operational taxonomic units (OTU’s). S. aureus was isolated in 72 % of culture-positive samples, whereas the most commonly detected bacteria in all ulcers were Peptoniphilus spp., Anaerococcus spp. and Corynebacterium spp., with the addition of Staphylococcus spp. in new ulcers. The majority of OTU’s residing in both new and recurrent ulcers (over 67 %) were identified as facultative or strict anaerobic Gram-positive organisms. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed no difference in clustering between the two groups (new and recurrent ulcers). CONCLUSIONS: The abundance of anaerobic bacteria has important implications for treatment as it suggests that the microbiome of each ulcer “starts afresh” and that, although diverse, are not distinctly different from one another with respect to new or recurrent ulcers. Therefore, when considering antibiotic therapy the duration of current ulceration may be a more important consideration than a history of healed ulcer. BioMed Central 2016-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4804642/ /pubmed/27005417 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-016-0665-z Text en © Smith et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Smith, Karen Collier, Andrew Townsend, Eleanor M. O’Donnell, Lindsay E. Bal, Abhijit M. Butcher, John Mackay, William G. Ramage, Gordon Williams, Craig One step closer to understanding the role of bacteria in diabetic foot ulcers: characterising the microbiome of ulcers |
title | One step closer to understanding the role of bacteria in diabetic foot ulcers: characterising the microbiome of ulcers |
title_full | One step closer to understanding the role of bacteria in diabetic foot ulcers: characterising the microbiome of ulcers |
title_fullStr | One step closer to understanding the role of bacteria in diabetic foot ulcers: characterising the microbiome of ulcers |
title_full_unstemmed | One step closer to understanding the role of bacteria in diabetic foot ulcers: characterising the microbiome of ulcers |
title_short | One step closer to understanding the role of bacteria in diabetic foot ulcers: characterising the microbiome of ulcers |
title_sort | one step closer to understanding the role of bacteria in diabetic foot ulcers: characterising the microbiome of ulcers |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4804642/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27005417 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-016-0665-z |
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