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Cardiovascular Risk in Men Aged Over 40 in Boa Vista, Brazil

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of disease in the developed world. Early detection and risk prediction are a key component in reducing cardiovascular mortality. The Framingham Risk Score uses age, sex, cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking to calculate the 10...

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Autores principales: de Lima Junior, Mário Maciel, Bezerra, Emanuel Araújo, Ticianeli, José Geraldo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4809113/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27076880
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2008-7802.177861
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author de Lima Junior, Mário Maciel
Bezerra, Emanuel Araújo
Ticianeli, José Geraldo
author_facet de Lima Junior, Mário Maciel
Bezerra, Emanuel Araújo
Ticianeli, José Geraldo
author_sort de Lima Junior, Mário Maciel
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of disease in the developed world. Early detection and risk prediction are a key component in reducing cardiovascular mortality. The Framingham Risk Score uses age, sex, cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking to calculate the 10-year risk probability of developing cardiovascular disease for a given patient. The aim of this study was to examine cardiovascular disease risk in men aged over 40 years in Boa Vista, Brazil and identify socioeconomic factors contributing to the risk. METHODS: This was an epidemiological, cross-sectional, descriptive study. Physical examination and questionnaire survey were conducted on the participants. RESULTS: Of the 598 participants (average age = 55.38 ± 10.77 years), 346 completed all the examinations and answered the survey, while 252 completed the survey and the physical examinations but did not undertake the laboratory tests. A large proportion of participants were overweight (42.6%) or obese (23.6%), 14.5% were hypertensive, and 71.9% were prehypertensive. Consumption of red meat and junk food was high, while participation in the exercise was low. Framingham scores ranged from −3 to 13 (mean score: 3.86 ± 3.16). A total of 204 participants (34.1%) had a low risk of cardiovascular disease, 98 (16.4%) had a medium risk, and 44 (7.4%) possessed high risk. Increased abdominal circumference (P = 0.013), resting pulse (P = 0.002), and prostate-specific antigen levels (P < 0.001) were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights a worrying trend in increasing obesity and hypertension, most likely associated with increasingly poor diet and reduced participation in exercises. As the Brazilian population ages, this will drive increasing rates of cardiovascular mortality unless these trends are reversed. This study suggests that such campaigns should focus on men over the age of 40, who are married or divorced and of lower income.
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spelling pubmed-48091132016-04-13 Cardiovascular Risk in Men Aged Over 40 in Boa Vista, Brazil de Lima Junior, Mário Maciel Bezerra, Emanuel Araújo Ticianeli, José Geraldo Int J Prev Med Original Article BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of disease in the developed world. Early detection and risk prediction are a key component in reducing cardiovascular mortality. The Framingham Risk Score uses age, sex, cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking to calculate the 10-year risk probability of developing cardiovascular disease for a given patient. The aim of this study was to examine cardiovascular disease risk in men aged over 40 years in Boa Vista, Brazil and identify socioeconomic factors contributing to the risk. METHODS: This was an epidemiological, cross-sectional, descriptive study. Physical examination and questionnaire survey were conducted on the participants. RESULTS: Of the 598 participants (average age = 55.38 ± 10.77 years), 346 completed all the examinations and answered the survey, while 252 completed the survey and the physical examinations but did not undertake the laboratory tests. A large proportion of participants were overweight (42.6%) or obese (23.6%), 14.5% were hypertensive, and 71.9% were prehypertensive. Consumption of red meat and junk food was high, while participation in the exercise was low. Framingham scores ranged from −3 to 13 (mean score: 3.86 ± 3.16). A total of 204 participants (34.1%) had a low risk of cardiovascular disease, 98 (16.4%) had a medium risk, and 44 (7.4%) possessed high risk. Increased abdominal circumference (P = 0.013), resting pulse (P = 0.002), and prostate-specific antigen levels (P < 0.001) were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights a worrying trend in increasing obesity and hypertension, most likely associated with increasingly poor diet and reduced participation in exercises. As the Brazilian population ages, this will drive increasing rates of cardiovascular mortality unless these trends are reversed. This study suggests that such campaigns should focus on men over the age of 40, who are married or divorced and of lower income. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2016-03-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4809113/ /pubmed/27076880 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2008-7802.177861 Text en Copyright: © 2016 International Journal of Preventive Medicine http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Original Article
de Lima Junior, Mário Maciel
Bezerra, Emanuel Araújo
Ticianeli, José Geraldo
Cardiovascular Risk in Men Aged Over 40 in Boa Vista, Brazil
title Cardiovascular Risk in Men Aged Over 40 in Boa Vista, Brazil
title_full Cardiovascular Risk in Men Aged Over 40 in Boa Vista, Brazil
title_fullStr Cardiovascular Risk in Men Aged Over 40 in Boa Vista, Brazil
title_full_unstemmed Cardiovascular Risk in Men Aged Over 40 in Boa Vista, Brazil
title_short Cardiovascular Risk in Men Aged Over 40 in Boa Vista, Brazil
title_sort cardiovascular risk in men aged over 40 in boa vista, brazil
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4809113/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27076880
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2008-7802.177861
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