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Molecular Mechanisms of HTLV-1 Cell-to-Cell Transmission
The tumorvirus human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a member of the delta-retrovirus family, is transmitted via cell-containing body fluids such as blood products, semen, and breast milk. In vivo, HTLV-1 preferentially infects CD4(+) T-cells, and to a lesser extent, CD8(+) T-cells, dendr...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4810264/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27005656 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v8030074 |
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author | Gross, Christine Thoma-Kress, Andrea K. |
author_facet | Gross, Christine Thoma-Kress, Andrea K. |
author_sort | Gross, Christine |
collection | PubMed |
description | The tumorvirus human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a member of the delta-retrovirus family, is transmitted via cell-containing body fluids such as blood products, semen, and breast milk. In vivo, HTLV-1 preferentially infects CD4(+) T-cells, and to a lesser extent, CD8(+) T-cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes. Efficient infection of CD4(+) T-cells requires cell-cell contacts while cell-free virus transmission is inefficient. Two types of cell-cell contacts have been described to be critical for HTLV-1 transmission, tight junctions and cellular conduits. Further, two non-exclusive mechanisms of virus transmission at cell-cell contacts have been proposed: (1) polarized budding of HTLV-1 into synaptic clefts; and (2) cell surface transfer of viral biofilms at virological synapses. In contrast to CD4(+) T-cells, dendritic cells can be infected cell-free and, to a greater extent, via viral biofilms in vitro. Cell-to-cell transmission of HTLV-1 requires a coordinated action of steps in the virus infectious cycle with events in the cell-cell adhesion process; therefore, virus propagation from cell-to-cell depends on specific interactions between cellular and viral proteins. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of HTLV-1 transmission with a focus on the HTLV-1-encoded proteins Tax and p8, their impact on host cell factors mediating cell-cell contacts, cytoskeletal remodeling, and thus, virus propagation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4810264 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48102642016-04-04 Molecular Mechanisms of HTLV-1 Cell-to-Cell Transmission Gross, Christine Thoma-Kress, Andrea K. Viruses Review The tumorvirus human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a member of the delta-retrovirus family, is transmitted via cell-containing body fluids such as blood products, semen, and breast milk. In vivo, HTLV-1 preferentially infects CD4(+) T-cells, and to a lesser extent, CD8(+) T-cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes. Efficient infection of CD4(+) T-cells requires cell-cell contacts while cell-free virus transmission is inefficient. Two types of cell-cell contacts have been described to be critical for HTLV-1 transmission, tight junctions and cellular conduits. Further, two non-exclusive mechanisms of virus transmission at cell-cell contacts have been proposed: (1) polarized budding of HTLV-1 into synaptic clefts; and (2) cell surface transfer of viral biofilms at virological synapses. In contrast to CD4(+) T-cells, dendritic cells can be infected cell-free and, to a greater extent, via viral biofilms in vitro. Cell-to-cell transmission of HTLV-1 requires a coordinated action of steps in the virus infectious cycle with events in the cell-cell adhesion process; therefore, virus propagation from cell-to-cell depends on specific interactions between cellular and viral proteins. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of HTLV-1 transmission with a focus on the HTLV-1-encoded proteins Tax and p8, their impact on host cell factors mediating cell-cell contacts, cytoskeletal remodeling, and thus, virus propagation. MDPI 2016-03-09 /pmc/articles/PMC4810264/ /pubmed/27005656 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v8030074 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Gross, Christine Thoma-Kress, Andrea K. Molecular Mechanisms of HTLV-1 Cell-to-Cell Transmission |
title | Molecular Mechanisms of HTLV-1 Cell-to-Cell Transmission |
title_full | Molecular Mechanisms of HTLV-1 Cell-to-Cell Transmission |
title_fullStr | Molecular Mechanisms of HTLV-1 Cell-to-Cell Transmission |
title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Mechanisms of HTLV-1 Cell-to-Cell Transmission |
title_short | Molecular Mechanisms of HTLV-1 Cell-to-Cell Transmission |
title_sort | molecular mechanisms of htlv-1 cell-to-cell transmission |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4810264/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27005656 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v8030074 |
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