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Xenopus Cdc14α/β are localized to the nucleolus and centrosome and are required for embryonic cell division
BACKGROUND: The dual specificity phosphatase Cdc14 has been shown to be a critical regulator of late mitotic events in several eukaryotes, including S. cerevisiae, S. pombe. C. elegans and H. sapiens. However, Cdc14 homologs have clearly evolved to regulate distinct cellular processes and to respond...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2004
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC481057/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15251038 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2121-5-27 |
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author | Kaiser, Brett K Nachury, Maxence V Gardner, Bryan E Jackson, Peter K |
author_facet | Kaiser, Brett K Nachury, Maxence V Gardner, Bryan E Jackson, Peter K |
author_sort | Kaiser, Brett K |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The dual specificity phosphatase Cdc14 has been shown to be a critical regulator of late mitotic events in several eukaryotes, including S. cerevisiae, S. pombe. C. elegans and H. sapiens. However, Cdc14 homologs have clearly evolved to regulate distinct cellular processes and to respond to regulatory signals important for these processes. The human paralogs hCdc14A and B are the only vertebrate Cdc14 homologues studied to date, but their functions are not well understood. Therefore, it is of great interest to examine the function Cdc14 homologs in other vertebrate species. RESULTS: We identified two open reading frames from Xenopus laevis closely related to human Cdc14A, called XCdc14α and XCdc14β, although no obvious paralog of the hCdc14B was found. To begin a functional characterization of Xcdc14α and XCdc14β, we raised polyclonal antibodies against a conserved region. These antibodies stained both the nucleolus and centrosome in interphase Xenopus tissue culture cells, and the mitotic centrosomes. GFP-tagged version of XCdc14α localized to the nucleulus and GFP-XCdc14β localized to the centrosome, although not exclusively. XCdc14α was also both meiotically and mitotically phosphorylated. Injection of antibodies raised against a conserved region of XCdc14/β into Xenopus embryos at the two-cell stage blocked division of the injected blastomeres, suggesting that activities of XCdc14α/β are required for normal cell division. CONCLUSION: These results provide evidence that XCdc14α/β are required for normal cellular division and are regulated by at least two mechanisms, subcellular localization and possibly phosphorylation. Due to the high sequence conservation between Xcdc14α and hCdc14A, it seems likely that both mechanisms will contribute to regulation of Cdc14 homologs in vertebrates. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-481057 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2004 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-4810572004-07-23 Xenopus Cdc14α/β are localized to the nucleolus and centrosome and are required for embryonic cell division Kaiser, Brett K Nachury, Maxence V Gardner, Bryan E Jackson, Peter K BMC Cell Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: The dual specificity phosphatase Cdc14 has been shown to be a critical regulator of late mitotic events in several eukaryotes, including S. cerevisiae, S. pombe. C. elegans and H. sapiens. However, Cdc14 homologs have clearly evolved to regulate distinct cellular processes and to respond to regulatory signals important for these processes. The human paralogs hCdc14A and B are the only vertebrate Cdc14 homologues studied to date, but their functions are not well understood. Therefore, it is of great interest to examine the function Cdc14 homologs in other vertebrate species. RESULTS: We identified two open reading frames from Xenopus laevis closely related to human Cdc14A, called XCdc14α and XCdc14β, although no obvious paralog of the hCdc14B was found. To begin a functional characterization of Xcdc14α and XCdc14β, we raised polyclonal antibodies against a conserved region. These antibodies stained both the nucleolus and centrosome in interphase Xenopus tissue culture cells, and the mitotic centrosomes. GFP-tagged version of XCdc14α localized to the nucleulus and GFP-XCdc14β localized to the centrosome, although not exclusively. XCdc14α was also both meiotically and mitotically phosphorylated. Injection of antibodies raised against a conserved region of XCdc14/β into Xenopus embryos at the two-cell stage blocked division of the injected blastomeres, suggesting that activities of XCdc14α/β are required for normal cell division. CONCLUSION: These results provide evidence that XCdc14α/β are required for normal cellular division and are regulated by at least two mechanisms, subcellular localization and possibly phosphorylation. Due to the high sequence conservation between Xcdc14α and hCdc14A, it seems likely that both mechanisms will contribute to regulation of Cdc14 homologs in vertebrates. BioMed Central 2004-07-13 /pmc/articles/PMC481057/ /pubmed/15251038 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2121-5-27 Text en Copyright © 2004 Kaiser et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Kaiser, Brett K Nachury, Maxence V Gardner, Bryan E Jackson, Peter K Xenopus Cdc14α/β are localized to the nucleolus and centrosome and are required for embryonic cell division |
title | Xenopus Cdc14α/β are localized to the nucleolus and centrosome and are required for embryonic cell division |
title_full | Xenopus Cdc14α/β are localized to the nucleolus and centrosome and are required for embryonic cell division |
title_fullStr | Xenopus Cdc14α/β are localized to the nucleolus and centrosome and are required for embryonic cell division |
title_full_unstemmed | Xenopus Cdc14α/β are localized to the nucleolus and centrosome and are required for embryonic cell division |
title_short | Xenopus Cdc14α/β are localized to the nucleolus and centrosome and are required for embryonic cell division |
title_sort | xenopus cdc14α/β are localized to the nucleolus and centrosome and are required for embryonic cell division |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC481057/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15251038 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2121-5-27 |
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