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Domestic animals as models for biomedical research

Domestic animals are unique models for biomedical research due to their long history (thousands of years) of strong phenotypic selection. This process has enriched for novel mutations that have contributed to phenotype evolution in domestic animals. The characterization of such mutations provides in...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Andersson, Leif
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Taylor & Francis 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4812051/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26479863
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03009734.2015.1091522
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author Andersson, Leif
author_facet Andersson, Leif
author_sort Andersson, Leif
collection PubMed
description Domestic animals are unique models for biomedical research due to their long history (thousands of years) of strong phenotypic selection. This process has enriched for novel mutations that have contributed to phenotype evolution in domestic animals. The characterization of such mutations provides insights in gene function and biological mechanisms. This review summarizes genetic dissection of about 50 genetic variants affecting pigmentation, behaviour, metabolic regulation, and the pattern of locomotion. The variants are controlled by mutations in about 30 different genes, and for 10 of these our group was the first to report an association between the gene and a phenotype. Almost half of the reported mutations occur in non-coding sequences, suggesting that this is the most common type of polymorphism underlying phenotypic variation since this is a biased list where the proportion of coding mutations are inflated as they are easier to find. The review documents that structural changes (duplications, deletions, and inversions) have contributed significantly to the evolution of phenotypic diversity in domestic animals. Finally, we describe five examples of evolution of alleles, which means that alleles have evolved by the accumulation of several consecutive mutations affecting the function of the same gene.
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spelling pubmed-48120512016-04-19 Domestic animals as models for biomedical research Andersson, Leif Ups J Med Sci Review Article Domestic animals are unique models for biomedical research due to their long history (thousands of years) of strong phenotypic selection. This process has enriched for novel mutations that have contributed to phenotype evolution in domestic animals. The characterization of such mutations provides insights in gene function and biological mechanisms. This review summarizes genetic dissection of about 50 genetic variants affecting pigmentation, behaviour, metabolic regulation, and the pattern of locomotion. The variants are controlled by mutations in about 30 different genes, and for 10 of these our group was the first to report an association between the gene and a phenotype. Almost half of the reported mutations occur in non-coding sequences, suggesting that this is the most common type of polymorphism underlying phenotypic variation since this is a biased list where the proportion of coding mutations are inflated as they are easier to find. The review documents that structural changes (duplications, deletions, and inversions) have contributed significantly to the evolution of phenotypic diversity in domestic animals. Finally, we describe five examples of evolution of alleles, which means that alleles have evolved by the accumulation of several consecutive mutations affecting the function of the same gene. Taylor & Francis 2016-03 2015-10-19 /pmc/articles/PMC4812051/ /pubmed/26479863 http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03009734.2015.1091522 Text en © 2015 Taylor & Francis http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by/4.0/ Author exclusive license to publish
spellingShingle Review Article
Andersson, Leif
Domestic animals as models for biomedical research
title Domestic animals as models for biomedical research
title_full Domestic animals as models for biomedical research
title_fullStr Domestic animals as models for biomedical research
title_full_unstemmed Domestic animals as models for biomedical research
title_short Domestic animals as models for biomedical research
title_sort domestic animals as models for biomedical research
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4812051/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26479863
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03009734.2015.1091522
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