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MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Serum levels of liver enzymes, such as alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and α-fetoprotein, provide insight into liver function and are used during treatment of liver disease, but such information is limited. In the case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is often not detected unti...

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Autores principales: Hayes, C. Nelson, Chayama, Kazuaki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4813144/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26927063
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17030280
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author Hayes, C. Nelson
Chayama, Kazuaki
author_facet Hayes, C. Nelson
Chayama, Kazuaki
author_sort Hayes, C. Nelson
collection PubMed
description Serum levels of liver enzymes, such as alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and α-fetoprotein, provide insight into liver function and are used during treatment of liver disease, but such information is limited. In the case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is often not detected until an advanced stage, more sensitive biomarkers may help to achieve earlier detection. Serum also contains microRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs that play an important role in regulating gene expression. miR-122 is specific to the liver and correlates strongly with liver enzyme levels and necroinflammatory activity, and other microRNAs are correlated with the degree of fibrosis. miR-122 has also been found to be required for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, whereas other microRNAs have been shown to play antiviral roles. miR-125a-5p and miR-1231 have been shown to directly target hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcripts, and others are up- or down-regulated in infected individuals. MicroRNA profiles also differ in the case of HBV and HCV infection as well as between HBeAg-positive and negative patients, and in patients with occult versus active HBV infection. In such patients, monitoring of changes in microRNA profiles might provide earlier warning of neoplastic changes preceding HCC.
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spelling pubmed-48131442016-04-06 MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hayes, C. Nelson Chayama, Kazuaki Int J Mol Sci Review Serum levels of liver enzymes, such as alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and α-fetoprotein, provide insight into liver function and are used during treatment of liver disease, but such information is limited. In the case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is often not detected until an advanced stage, more sensitive biomarkers may help to achieve earlier detection. Serum also contains microRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs that play an important role in regulating gene expression. miR-122 is specific to the liver and correlates strongly with liver enzyme levels and necroinflammatory activity, and other microRNAs are correlated with the degree of fibrosis. miR-122 has also been found to be required for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, whereas other microRNAs have been shown to play antiviral roles. miR-125a-5p and miR-1231 have been shown to directly target hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcripts, and others are up- or down-regulated in infected individuals. MicroRNA profiles also differ in the case of HBV and HCV infection as well as between HBeAg-positive and negative patients, and in patients with occult versus active HBV infection. In such patients, monitoring of changes in microRNA profiles might provide earlier warning of neoplastic changes preceding HCC. MDPI 2016-02-24 /pmc/articles/PMC4813144/ /pubmed/26927063 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17030280 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Hayes, C. Nelson
Chayama, Kazuaki
MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_full MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_fullStr MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_short MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_sort micrornas as biomarkers for liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4813144/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26927063
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17030280
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