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Effects of Two Sublethal Concentrations of Mercury Chloride on the Morphology and Metallothionein Activity in the Liver of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Mercury (Hg) is a highly hazardous pollutant widely used in industrial, pharmaceutical and agricultural fields. Mercury is found in the environment in several forms, elemental, inorganic (iHg) and organic, all of which are toxic. Considering that the liver is the organ primarily involved in the regu...

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Autores principales: Macirella, Rachele, Guardia, Antonello, Pellegrino, Daniela, Bernabò, Ilaria, Tronci, Valentina, Ebbesson, Lars O. E., Sesti, Settimio, Tripepi, Sandro, Brunelli, Elvira
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4813222/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26978352
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17030361
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author Macirella, Rachele
Guardia, Antonello
Pellegrino, Daniela
Bernabò, Ilaria
Tronci, Valentina
Ebbesson, Lars O. E.
Sesti, Settimio
Tripepi, Sandro
Brunelli, Elvira
author_facet Macirella, Rachele
Guardia, Antonello
Pellegrino, Daniela
Bernabò, Ilaria
Tronci, Valentina
Ebbesson, Lars O. E.
Sesti, Settimio
Tripepi, Sandro
Brunelli, Elvira
author_sort Macirella, Rachele
collection PubMed
description Mercury (Hg) is a highly hazardous pollutant widely used in industrial, pharmaceutical and agricultural fields. Mercury is found in the environment in several forms, elemental, inorganic (iHg) and organic, all of which are toxic. Considering that the liver is the organ primarily involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, homeostasis and detoxification we investigated the morphological and ultrastructural effects in Danio rerio liver after 96 h exposure to two low HgCl(2) concentrations (7.7 and 38.5 μg/L). We showed that a short-term exposure to very low concentrations of iHg severely affects liver morphology and ultrastructure. The main effects recorded in this work were: cytoplasm vacuolization, decrease in both lipid droplets and glycogen granules, increase in number of mitochondria, increase of rough endoplasmic reticulum and pyknotic nuclei. Pathological alterations observed were dose dependent. Trough immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and real-time PCR analysis, the induction of metallothionein (MT) under stressor conditions was also evaluated. Some of observed alterations could be considered as a general response of tissue to heavy metals, whereas others (such as increased number of mitochondria and increase of RER) may be considered as an adaptive response to mercury.
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spelling pubmed-48132222016-04-06 Effects of Two Sublethal Concentrations of Mercury Chloride on the Morphology and Metallothionein Activity in the Liver of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Macirella, Rachele Guardia, Antonello Pellegrino, Daniela Bernabò, Ilaria Tronci, Valentina Ebbesson, Lars O. E. Sesti, Settimio Tripepi, Sandro Brunelli, Elvira Int J Mol Sci Article Mercury (Hg) is a highly hazardous pollutant widely used in industrial, pharmaceutical and agricultural fields. Mercury is found in the environment in several forms, elemental, inorganic (iHg) and organic, all of which are toxic. Considering that the liver is the organ primarily involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, homeostasis and detoxification we investigated the morphological and ultrastructural effects in Danio rerio liver after 96 h exposure to two low HgCl(2) concentrations (7.7 and 38.5 μg/L). We showed that a short-term exposure to very low concentrations of iHg severely affects liver morphology and ultrastructure. The main effects recorded in this work were: cytoplasm vacuolization, decrease in both lipid droplets and glycogen granules, increase in number of mitochondria, increase of rough endoplasmic reticulum and pyknotic nuclei. Pathological alterations observed were dose dependent. Trough immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and real-time PCR analysis, the induction of metallothionein (MT) under stressor conditions was also evaluated. Some of observed alterations could be considered as a general response of tissue to heavy metals, whereas others (such as increased number of mitochondria and increase of RER) may be considered as an adaptive response to mercury. MDPI 2016-03-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4813222/ /pubmed/26978352 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17030361 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Macirella, Rachele
Guardia, Antonello
Pellegrino, Daniela
Bernabò, Ilaria
Tronci, Valentina
Ebbesson, Lars O. E.
Sesti, Settimio
Tripepi, Sandro
Brunelli, Elvira
Effects of Two Sublethal Concentrations of Mercury Chloride on the Morphology and Metallothionein Activity in the Liver of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
title Effects of Two Sublethal Concentrations of Mercury Chloride on the Morphology and Metallothionein Activity in the Liver of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
title_full Effects of Two Sublethal Concentrations of Mercury Chloride on the Morphology and Metallothionein Activity in the Liver of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
title_fullStr Effects of Two Sublethal Concentrations of Mercury Chloride on the Morphology and Metallothionein Activity in the Liver of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Two Sublethal Concentrations of Mercury Chloride on the Morphology and Metallothionein Activity in the Liver of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
title_short Effects of Two Sublethal Concentrations of Mercury Chloride on the Morphology and Metallothionein Activity in the Liver of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
title_sort effects of two sublethal concentrations of mercury chloride on the morphology and metallothionein activity in the liver of zebrafish (danio rerio)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4813222/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26978352
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17030361
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