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Biodegradation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Macrophages through Respiratory Burst Modulation

The biodegradation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may be one of major determinants of the toxic outcomes in exposed individuals. In this study, we employed a macrophage/monocyte model, Raw264.7, to investigate the feasibility of regulating the biodegradation of three types of single-walled carbon nanotu...

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Autores principales: Hou, Jie, Wan, Bin, Yang, Yu, Ren, Xiao-Min, Guo, Liang-Hong, Liu, Jing-Fu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4813264/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27011169
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17030409
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author Hou, Jie
Wan, Bin
Yang, Yu
Ren, Xiao-Min
Guo, Liang-Hong
Liu, Jing-Fu
author_facet Hou, Jie
Wan, Bin
Yang, Yu
Ren, Xiao-Min
Guo, Liang-Hong
Liu, Jing-Fu
author_sort Hou, Jie
collection PubMed
description The biodegradation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may be one of major determinants of the toxic outcomes in exposed individuals. In this study, we employed a macrophage/monocyte model, Raw264.7, to investigate the feasibility of regulating the biodegradation of three types of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) (pristine, ox-, and OH-SWCNTs) by respiratory burst modulation. An artificial fluid mimicking the enzymatic reactions of respiratory burst was constituted to reveal the role of respiratory burst played in SWCNT biodegradation. The biodegradation of SWCNTs were characterized by Raman, ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Our results showed significantly accelerated biodegradation of ox-SWCNTs and OH-SWCNTs in macrophages activated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), which could be prevented by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), whereas p-SWCNTs were resistant to biodegradation. Similar tendencies were observed by using the in vitro enzymatic system, and the degradation rates of these SWCNTs are in the order of OH-SWCNTs > ox-SWCNTs >> p-SWCNTs, suggesting a pivotal role of respiratory burst in accelerating the biodegradation of SWCNTs and that defect sites on SWCNTs might be a prerequisite for the biodegradation to occur. Our findings might provide invaluable clues on the development of intervention measurements for relieving the side effects of SWCNTs and would help to design safer SWCNT products with higher biodegradability and less toxicity.
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spelling pubmed-48132642016-04-06 Biodegradation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Macrophages through Respiratory Burst Modulation Hou, Jie Wan, Bin Yang, Yu Ren, Xiao-Min Guo, Liang-Hong Liu, Jing-Fu Int J Mol Sci Article The biodegradation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may be one of major determinants of the toxic outcomes in exposed individuals. In this study, we employed a macrophage/monocyte model, Raw264.7, to investigate the feasibility of regulating the biodegradation of three types of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) (pristine, ox-, and OH-SWCNTs) by respiratory burst modulation. An artificial fluid mimicking the enzymatic reactions of respiratory burst was constituted to reveal the role of respiratory burst played in SWCNT biodegradation. The biodegradation of SWCNTs were characterized by Raman, ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Our results showed significantly accelerated biodegradation of ox-SWCNTs and OH-SWCNTs in macrophages activated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), which could be prevented by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), whereas p-SWCNTs were resistant to biodegradation. Similar tendencies were observed by using the in vitro enzymatic system, and the degradation rates of these SWCNTs are in the order of OH-SWCNTs > ox-SWCNTs >> p-SWCNTs, suggesting a pivotal role of respiratory burst in accelerating the biodegradation of SWCNTs and that defect sites on SWCNTs might be a prerequisite for the biodegradation to occur. Our findings might provide invaluable clues on the development of intervention measurements for relieving the side effects of SWCNTs and would help to design safer SWCNT products with higher biodegradability and less toxicity. MDPI 2016-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4813264/ /pubmed/27011169 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17030409 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hou, Jie
Wan, Bin
Yang, Yu
Ren, Xiao-Min
Guo, Liang-Hong
Liu, Jing-Fu
Biodegradation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Macrophages through Respiratory Burst Modulation
title Biodegradation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Macrophages through Respiratory Burst Modulation
title_full Biodegradation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Macrophages through Respiratory Burst Modulation
title_fullStr Biodegradation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Macrophages through Respiratory Burst Modulation
title_full_unstemmed Biodegradation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Macrophages through Respiratory Burst Modulation
title_short Biodegradation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Macrophages through Respiratory Burst Modulation
title_sort biodegradation of single-walled carbon nanotubes in macrophages through respiratory burst modulation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4813264/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27011169
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17030409
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