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A Novel Cooperative Opportunistic Routing Scheme for Underwater Sensor Networks
Increasing attention has recently been devoted to underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) because of their capabilities in the ocean monitoring and resource discovery. UWSNs are faced with different challenges, the most notable of which is perhaps how to efficiently deliver packets taking into account al...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4813872/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26927118 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16030297 |
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author | Ghoreyshi, Seyed Mohammad Shahrabi, Alireza Boutaleb, Tuleen |
author_facet | Ghoreyshi, Seyed Mohammad Shahrabi, Alireza Boutaleb, Tuleen |
author_sort | Ghoreyshi, Seyed Mohammad |
collection | PubMed |
description | Increasing attention has recently been devoted to underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) because of their capabilities in the ocean monitoring and resource discovery. UWSNs are faced with different challenges, the most notable of which is perhaps how to efficiently deliver packets taking into account all of the constraints of the available acoustic communication channel. The opportunistic routing provides a reliable solution with the aid of intermediate nodes’ collaboration to relay a packet toward the destination. In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol, called opportunistic void avoidance routing (OVAR), to address the void problem and also the energy-reliability trade-off in the forwarding set selection. OVAR takes advantage of distributed beaconing, constructs the adjacency graph at each hop and selects a forwarding set that holds the best trade-off between reliability and energy efficiency. The unique features of OVAR in selecting the candidate nodes in the vicinity of each other leads to the resolution of the hidden node problem. OVAR is also able to select the forwarding set in any direction from the sender, which increases its flexibility to bypass any kind of void area with the minimum deviation from the optimal path. The results of our extensive simulation study show that OVAR outperforms other protocols in terms of the packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, end-to-end delay, hop count and traversed distance. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4813872 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48138722016-04-06 A Novel Cooperative Opportunistic Routing Scheme for Underwater Sensor Networks Ghoreyshi, Seyed Mohammad Shahrabi, Alireza Boutaleb, Tuleen Sensors (Basel) Article Increasing attention has recently been devoted to underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) because of their capabilities in the ocean monitoring and resource discovery. UWSNs are faced with different challenges, the most notable of which is perhaps how to efficiently deliver packets taking into account all of the constraints of the available acoustic communication channel. The opportunistic routing provides a reliable solution with the aid of intermediate nodes’ collaboration to relay a packet toward the destination. In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol, called opportunistic void avoidance routing (OVAR), to address the void problem and also the energy-reliability trade-off in the forwarding set selection. OVAR takes advantage of distributed beaconing, constructs the adjacency graph at each hop and selects a forwarding set that holds the best trade-off between reliability and energy efficiency. The unique features of OVAR in selecting the candidate nodes in the vicinity of each other leads to the resolution of the hidden node problem. OVAR is also able to select the forwarding set in any direction from the sender, which increases its flexibility to bypass any kind of void area with the minimum deviation from the optimal path. The results of our extensive simulation study show that OVAR outperforms other protocols in terms of the packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, end-to-end delay, hop count and traversed distance. MDPI 2016-02-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4813872/ /pubmed/26927118 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16030297 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ghoreyshi, Seyed Mohammad Shahrabi, Alireza Boutaleb, Tuleen A Novel Cooperative Opportunistic Routing Scheme for Underwater Sensor Networks |
title | A Novel Cooperative Opportunistic Routing Scheme for Underwater Sensor Networks |
title_full | A Novel Cooperative Opportunistic Routing Scheme for Underwater Sensor Networks |
title_fullStr | A Novel Cooperative Opportunistic Routing Scheme for Underwater Sensor Networks |
title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Cooperative Opportunistic Routing Scheme for Underwater Sensor Networks |
title_short | A Novel Cooperative Opportunistic Routing Scheme for Underwater Sensor Networks |
title_sort | novel cooperative opportunistic routing scheme for underwater sensor networks |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4813872/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26927118 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16030297 |
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