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Alcohol Dependence and Altered Engagement of Brain Networks in Risky Decisions
Alcohol dependence is associated with heightened risk tolerance and altered decision-making. This raises the question as to whether alcohol dependent patients (ADP) are incapable of proper risk assessment. We investigated how healthy controls (HC) and ADP engage neural networks to cope with the incr...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4814760/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27064561 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00142 |
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author | Zhu, Xi Sundby, Kelsey Bjork, James M. Momenan, Reza |
author_facet | Zhu, Xi Sundby, Kelsey Bjork, James M. Momenan, Reza |
author_sort | Zhu, Xi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Alcohol dependence is associated with heightened risk tolerance and altered decision-making. This raises the question as to whether alcohol dependent patients (ADP) are incapable of proper risk assessment. We investigated how healthy controls (HC) and ADP engage neural networks to cope with the increased cognitive demands of risky decisions. We collected fMRI data while 34 HC and 16 ADP played a game that included “safe” and “risky” trials. In safe trials, participants accrued money at no risk of a penalty. In risky trials, reward and risk simultaneously increased as participants were instructed to decide when to stop a reward accrual period. If the participant failed to stop before an undisclosed time, the trial would “bust” and participants would not earn the money from that trial. Independent Component Analysis was used to identify networks engaged during the anticipation and the decision execution of risky compared with safe trials. Like HC, ADP demonstrated distinct network engagement for safe and risky trials at anticipation. However, at decision execution, ADP exhibited severely reduced discrimination in network engagement between safe and risky trials. Although ADP behaviorally responded to risk they failed to appropriately modify network engagement as the decision continued, leading ADP to assume similar network engagement regardless of risk prospects. This may reflect disorganized network switching and a facile response strategy uniformly adopted by ADP across risk conditions. We propose that aberrant salience network (SN) engagement in ADP might contribute to ineffective network switching and that the role of the SN in risky decisions warrants further investigation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4814760 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48147602016-04-08 Alcohol Dependence and Altered Engagement of Brain Networks in Risky Decisions Zhu, Xi Sundby, Kelsey Bjork, James M. Momenan, Reza Front Hum Neurosci Neuroscience Alcohol dependence is associated with heightened risk tolerance and altered decision-making. This raises the question as to whether alcohol dependent patients (ADP) are incapable of proper risk assessment. We investigated how healthy controls (HC) and ADP engage neural networks to cope with the increased cognitive demands of risky decisions. We collected fMRI data while 34 HC and 16 ADP played a game that included “safe” and “risky” trials. In safe trials, participants accrued money at no risk of a penalty. In risky trials, reward and risk simultaneously increased as participants were instructed to decide when to stop a reward accrual period. If the participant failed to stop before an undisclosed time, the trial would “bust” and participants would not earn the money from that trial. Independent Component Analysis was used to identify networks engaged during the anticipation and the decision execution of risky compared with safe trials. Like HC, ADP demonstrated distinct network engagement for safe and risky trials at anticipation. However, at decision execution, ADP exhibited severely reduced discrimination in network engagement between safe and risky trials. Although ADP behaviorally responded to risk they failed to appropriately modify network engagement as the decision continued, leading ADP to assume similar network engagement regardless of risk prospects. This may reflect disorganized network switching and a facile response strategy uniformly adopted by ADP across risk conditions. We propose that aberrant salience network (SN) engagement in ADP might contribute to ineffective network switching and that the role of the SN in risky decisions warrants further investigation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-03-31 /pmc/articles/PMC4814760/ /pubmed/27064561 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00142 Text en Copyright © 2016 Zhu, Sundby, Bjork and Momenan. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Zhu, Xi Sundby, Kelsey Bjork, James M. Momenan, Reza Alcohol Dependence and Altered Engagement of Brain Networks in Risky Decisions |
title | Alcohol Dependence and Altered Engagement of Brain Networks in Risky Decisions |
title_full | Alcohol Dependence and Altered Engagement of Brain Networks in Risky Decisions |
title_fullStr | Alcohol Dependence and Altered Engagement of Brain Networks in Risky Decisions |
title_full_unstemmed | Alcohol Dependence and Altered Engagement of Brain Networks in Risky Decisions |
title_short | Alcohol Dependence and Altered Engagement of Brain Networks in Risky Decisions |
title_sort | alcohol dependence and altered engagement of brain networks in risky decisions |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4814760/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27064561 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00142 |
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