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Serotype and genetic diversity of human rhinovirus strains that circulated in Kenya in 2008

BACKGROUND: Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are a well‐established cause of the common cold and recent studies indicated that they may be associated with severe acute respiratory illnesses (SARIs) like pneumonia, asthma, and bronchiolitis. Despite global studies on the genetic diversity of the virus, the...

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Autores principales: Milanoi, Sylvia, Ongus, Juliette R., Gachara, George, Coldren, Rodney, Bulimo, Wallace
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4814864/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26822469
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/irv.12373
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author Milanoi, Sylvia
Ongus, Juliette R.
Gachara, George
Coldren, Rodney
Bulimo, Wallace
author_facet Milanoi, Sylvia
Ongus, Juliette R.
Gachara, George
Coldren, Rodney
Bulimo, Wallace
author_sort Milanoi, Sylvia
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are a well‐established cause of the common cold and recent studies indicated that they may be associated with severe acute respiratory illnesses (SARIs) like pneumonia, asthma, and bronchiolitis. Despite global studies on the genetic diversity of the virus, the serotype diversity of these viruses across diverse geographic regions in Kenya has not been characterized. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to characterize the serotype diversity of HRV strains that circulated in Kenya in 2008. METHODS: A total of 517 archived nasopharyngeal samples collected in a previous respiratory virus surveillance program across Kenya in 2008 were selected. Participants enrolled were outpatients who presented with influenza‐like (ILI) symptoms. Real‐time RT‐PCR was employed for preliminary HRV detection. HRV‐positive samples were amplified using RT‐PCR and thereafter the nucleotide sequences of the amplicons were determined followed by phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: Twenty‐five percent of the samples tested positive for HRV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Kenyan HRVs clustered into three main species comprising HRV‐A (54%), HRV‐B (12%), and HRV‐C (35%). Overall, 20 different serotypes were identified. Intrastrain sequence homology among the Kenyan strains ranged from 58% to 100% at the nucleotide level and 55% to 100% at the amino acid level. CONCLUSION: These results show that a wide range of HRV serotypes with different levels of nucleotide variation were present in Kenya. Furthermore, our data show that HRVs contributed substantially to influenza‐like illness in Kenya in 2008.
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spelling pubmed-48148642016-05-01 Serotype and genetic diversity of human rhinovirus strains that circulated in Kenya in 2008 Milanoi, Sylvia Ongus, Juliette R. Gachara, George Coldren, Rodney Bulimo, Wallace Influenza Other Respir Viruses Original Articles BACKGROUND: Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are a well‐established cause of the common cold and recent studies indicated that they may be associated with severe acute respiratory illnesses (SARIs) like pneumonia, asthma, and bronchiolitis. Despite global studies on the genetic diversity of the virus, the serotype diversity of these viruses across diverse geographic regions in Kenya has not been characterized. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to characterize the serotype diversity of HRV strains that circulated in Kenya in 2008. METHODS: A total of 517 archived nasopharyngeal samples collected in a previous respiratory virus surveillance program across Kenya in 2008 were selected. Participants enrolled were outpatients who presented with influenza‐like (ILI) symptoms. Real‐time RT‐PCR was employed for preliminary HRV detection. HRV‐positive samples were amplified using RT‐PCR and thereafter the nucleotide sequences of the amplicons were determined followed by phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: Twenty‐five percent of the samples tested positive for HRV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Kenyan HRVs clustered into three main species comprising HRV‐A (54%), HRV‐B (12%), and HRV‐C (35%). Overall, 20 different serotypes were identified. Intrastrain sequence homology among the Kenyan strains ranged from 58% to 100% at the nucleotide level and 55% to 100% at the amino acid level. CONCLUSION: These results show that a wide range of HRV serotypes with different levels of nucleotide variation were present in Kenya. Furthermore, our data show that HRVs contributed substantially to influenza‐like illness in Kenya in 2008. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016-03-02 2016-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4814864/ /pubmed/26822469 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/irv.12373 Text en © 2016 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Milanoi, Sylvia
Ongus, Juliette R.
Gachara, George
Coldren, Rodney
Bulimo, Wallace
Serotype and genetic diversity of human rhinovirus strains that circulated in Kenya in 2008
title Serotype and genetic diversity of human rhinovirus strains that circulated in Kenya in 2008
title_full Serotype and genetic diversity of human rhinovirus strains that circulated in Kenya in 2008
title_fullStr Serotype and genetic diversity of human rhinovirus strains that circulated in Kenya in 2008
title_full_unstemmed Serotype and genetic diversity of human rhinovirus strains that circulated in Kenya in 2008
title_short Serotype and genetic diversity of human rhinovirus strains that circulated in Kenya in 2008
title_sort serotype and genetic diversity of human rhinovirus strains that circulated in kenya in 2008
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4814864/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26822469
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/irv.12373
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