The extremely broad odorant response profile of mouse olfactory sensory neurons expressing the odorant receptor MOR256‐17 includes trace amine‐associated receptor ligands

The mouse olfactory system employs ~1100 G‐protein‐coupled odorant receptors (ORs). Each mature olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) is thought to express just one OR gene, and the expressed OR determines the odorant response properties of the OSN. The broadest odorant response profile thus far demonstrated in native mouse OSNs is for OSNs that express the OR gene SR1 (also known as Olfr124 and MOR256‐3). Here we showed that the odorant responsiveness of native mouse OSNs expressing the OR gene MOR256‐17 (also known as Olfr15 and OR3) is even broader than that of OSNs expressing SR1. We investigated the electrophysiological properties of green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ OSNs in a MOR256‐17‐IRES‐tauGFP gene‐targeted mouse strain, in parallel with GFP+ OSNs in the SR1‐IRES‐tauGFP gene‐targeted mouse strain that we previously reported. Of 35 single chemical compounds belonging to distinct structural classes, MOR256‐17+ OSNs responded to 31 chemicals, compared with 10 for SR1+ OSNs. The 10 compounds that activated SR1+ OSNs also activated MOR256‐17+ OSNs. Interestingly, MOR256‐17+ OSNs were activated by three amines (cyclohexylamine, isopenthylamine, and phenylethylamine) that are typically viewed as ligands for chemosensory neurons in the main olfactory epithelium that express trace amine‐associated receptor genes, a family of 15 genes encoding G‐protein‐coupled receptors unrelated in sequence to ORs. We did not observe differences in membrane properties, indicating that the differences in odorant response profiles between the two OSN populations were due to the expressed OR. MOR256‐17+ OSNs appear to be at one extreme of odorant responsiveness among populations of OSNs expressing distinct OR genes in the mouse.